Abnormal ECG Findings in Athletes: Clinical Evaluation and Considerations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation with electrocardiography is normal practice for most sporting bodies. Awareness about sudden cardiac death in athletes and recognizing how screening can help identify vulnerable athletes have empowered different sporting disciplines to invest in the wellbeing of their athletes. RECENT FINDINGS: Discerning physiological electrical alterations due to athletic training from those representing cardiac pathology may be challenging. The mode of investigation of affected athletes is dependent on the electrical anomaly and the disease(s) in question. This review will highlight specific pathological ECG patterns that warrant assessment and surveillance, together with an in-depth review of the recommended algorithm for evaluation

Serum total cholesterol and body mass index in dysmenorrhea

The total cholesterol and body mass index of 50 dysmenorrheic females and a control group of 50 non-dysmenorrheic females, aged between 18-35 years were estimated. The mean serum total cholesterol of dysmenorrheic females was 5.10± 0.80mmol/L and 3.70±0.40mmol/L for the non-dysmenorrheic females. The mean body mass index of the dysmenorrheic females was 23.80±4.80 and 22.50±1.90 for the control group. The mean serum total cholesterol concentration of the dysmenorrheic females was significantly higher (P0.05) in the body mass index of these two groups. The results of this study suggest that elevated cholesterol level may be a predisposing factor to dysmenorrhea in menstruating females. KEY WORDS: Body mass index, cholesterol, Dysmenorrhea Global Jnl Medical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2003: 153-15