Antimicrobial Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Lizards Encountered in Poultry in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

No Abstract

Infectious drug resistance plasmid study in Salmonella enterica isolates of domestic animals and lizards from some south western states of Nigeria

Twenty-three Salmonella enterica isolated from domestic animals and lizards in Oyo and Ogun States of Nigeria between April 2005 and August 2007 were studied for infectious drug resistance and possible transfer using Escherichia coli 365K12 resistant to 200 ìg/ml streptomycin as sensitive recipient. Nineteen (79%) of the isolates were from poultry, 2 (8%) from cattle and 2 (8%) from lizards. Three of the poultry isolates 3/19 (15.8%) transferred R-factor for tetracycline, 10/19 (52.6%) for ampicillin,6/19 (31.6%) for kanamycin, 10/19 (52.6%) for neomycin and 2/19 (10.5%) for nalidixic acid, two of the cattle isolates, 2/2 (100%) transferred for tetracycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, ½ (50%) forchloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Two of the isolates, 2/2 (100%) from lizard transferred for tetracycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, and neomycin; 1/2 (50%) for chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. The occurrence of a high level of infectious drug resistance among Salmonella enterica studied thatwere transferable to sensitive recipient E. coli 365 K12 is of public health concern in terms of possible transfer of drug resistance from animal to human

Bi‑lobed Perirectal Epidermoid Cyst: An Unusual Cause of Hematochezia in a Middle‑aged Woman

Perirectal epidermoid cysts are congenital cysts originating from the ectodermal germ cell layer of the hind gut. Their presenting symptoms are most often nonspecific and distinguishing them from other presacral developmental cysts often present a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. We present a 58‑year‑old woman who presented with chronic dyschezia and hematochezia of a few days duration and no prior colonoscopies. Initial blood work and tumor markers were unremarkable. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 7.5 cm × 5 cm × 6 cm homogenous bi‑lobed cystic mass in the pelvis adherent to the left lateral wall of the rectum and posteriorly to the sacrum with a displacement of the rectum anteriorly and to the right. There was no pelvic sidewall adenopathy or free fluid in the pelvis. Preoperative colonoscopy showed rectal compression with no rectal involvement of the mass. The cyst was successfully resected posteriorly via the trans‑sacrococcygeal approach. An intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy confirmed an intact rectum. The patient remains recurrence‑free 1 year postsurgical resection.Keywords: Perirectal, Epidermoid cyst, Bi‑lobed, Posterior approac

The effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on multi-drug resistant micro-organisms

This study was carried out to investigate possible bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract on multi-drug resistant micro-organisms. The antimicrobial property of C. aconitifolius leaf extract was carried out on the following multi-drug resistant microorganisms;Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica Gallinarum and Candida albicans. The results from this study show that none of the multi-drug resistant micro-organisms was sensitive to the leaf extract of C. aconitifolius.Key words: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, bioactivity, multi-drug resistant micro-organisms

Characterization of Salmonella enterica Ituri isolated from diseased poultry in Nigeria

Salmonella enterica Ituri is an uncommon serotype associated with poultry disease. One of the serotype isolated from a poultry disease in Nigeria was characterized by serotyping and screening for the presence of Salmonella genomic island 1(SGI1) as a possible factor responsible for its involvement in a poultry disease outbreak. Despite the similarities in the antibiotic sensitivities patterns of the Salmonella Ituri serotypes with some SGI1-bearing serotypes, it does not bear the SGI1. This is the first report of association of this Salmonella serotype with avian paratyphoidal disease.Keywords: Salmonella enterica Ituri, serotype, Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2125-212

Antimicrobial activity of Parquetina nigrescens on some multidrug resistant pathogens isolated from poultry and cases of otitis media in dogs from Nigeria

There is a high prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria from food and companion animals in Nigeria due to abuse and misuse of antibiotics. The current work was carried out to study the antimicrobial activity of the leave extract of Parquetina nigrescens on ten multidrug resistant pathogens including: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica Gallinarum, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas diminuta that were resistant to 7 to 10 conventional antibiotics. The ten strains of the organisms tested were either isolated from cases of otitis media in dogs following more than a year of antibiotic misuse and or abuse or from internal organs of poultry that died of septicaemic disease conditions. The tested leaves extract produced activity in only one of the C. diphtheriae isolated from ear swab of one of the otitis media cases with 16±0.0 mm zone of inhibition at 100 mg/mL when compared with 30±0.0 mm at 10 μg/mL of gentamycin (positive control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the tested extract for the isolate were 25 and 400 mg/mL respectively as compared to the respective MIC and MBC of 40 and 320 μg/mL for gentamycin.Keywords: Parquetina nigrescens, multidrug-resistant, otitis, poultry, dog, NigeriaAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12(13), pp. 1559-156

Thermogravimetric and kinetic study of methylolmelamine phosphate treated – cotton fabric

Some salient properties of cotton cellulose which requires it to be treated with additives to improve its versatility were examined taken into consideration, the molecular structure. Thermogravimetric analysis of the cotton fabric and the treated cotton fabric were carried out in an improvised muffled furnace. The result was in accordance with the previous study carried out on cellulose showing two stages of thermal degradation with first degradation between 2500C – 3000C and estimated 75% weight loss. The treated fabrics show degradation at 2000C – 2500C with an estimated 10% - 25% weight loss and more stages of thermal degradation. This may be attributed to the structuralmodification of the cotton cellulose upon resination with methylolmelamine phosphate.Keywords: Cotton Fabric, Degradation, Resination, Thermogravimetri

Causative agents of keratomycosis in Ibadan: review of laboratory reports

Introduction: Fungi are responsible for less than 2.0 % of corneal infection around the globe. Trauma to the cornea is the leading cause of fungal keratitis especially with history of corneal trauma with vegetable or organic matter. Because of the dearth of data on the aetiological agents of Keratomycosis in this hospital, this study was aimed at finding the prevalence and fungal etiological agents responsible for this condition Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of the laboratory reports of corneal scrapings of patients that presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of Keratomycosis was carried out. The scrapings were subjected to wet preparation with 10.0 % KOH, Gram staining and Giemsa staining to rule out inclusion bodies. The diagnosis of Keratomycosis was made on the basis of the recognizable and characteristic appearance of fungal hyphae and fruiting bodies under microscopy. The media with no obvious growth after 3-4 weeks of incubation were regarded as negative. Results: A total of 48 specimens from patients with suspected diagnosis of Keratomycosis were included in the analysis. The patients consisted of 42 (87.3%) males and 6 (12.5%) females. The ages at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 73 years with a mean of 36.46 years and a median of 35.5 years. The prevalence of Keratomycosis among this group of patients in this hospital was 8.4 %. Candida albicans and Fusarium spp were the fungal isolates in these patients as it occurred in 4.2 % (2/48) of them respectively. Conclusions: Corneal scarring due to trauma or infections is a major cause of monocular blindness, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Despite the low level of Keratomycosis in this study, high index of suspicion of possible diagnosis should be giving to patients with history of trauma, tissue devitalization with topical steroids and immunocompromised immunity.Keywords: Keratomycosis, Corneal, Fusarium and Candida

Chemical injuries of the oesophagus: aetiopathological issues in Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chemical injuries of the oesophagus occur worldwide. There is paucity of information on aetiopathological profile of chemical injuries of the oesophagus in Nigeria.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The aim of the study was to determine the aetiopathological pattern of chemical injuries of the oesophagus in Nigeria.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>This is a multi-centre hospital based study in Lagos metropolis spanning a period of 10 years.</p> <p>The patients' bio data, substances ingested, sources of corrosives, reasons for ingesting corrosives and patients' mental state were recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In all, there were 78 patients (61 Males, 17 Females). The offending agents were acids in 55.1% of cases and it was accidental ingestion in 62 patients. The highest incidence of 57.6% was found in the middle 1/3 of the oesophagus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Accidental ingestion of acids is the commonest cause of oesophageal injuries in Nigeria. The incidence of severe strictures necessitating oesophageal substitution could be reduced if early management of corrosive oesophagitis improves in Nigeria.</p

Constraints to exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers in Southwest Nigeria: implications for scaling up

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The practice of exclusive breastfeeding is still low despite the associated benefits. Improving the uptake and appropriating the benefits will require an understanding of breastfeeding as an embodied experience within a social context. This study investigates breastfeeding practices and experiences of nursing mothers and the roles of grandmothers, as well as the work-related constraints affecting nurses in providing quality support for breastfeeding mothers in Southwest Nigeria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a concurrent mixed method approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 200 breastfeeding mothers. In-depth interviews were also held with breastfeeding mothers (11), nurses (10) and a focus group discussion session with grandmothers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Breastfeeding was perceived as essential to baby's health. It strengthens the physical and spiritual bond between mothers and their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered essential but demanding. Only a small proportion (19%) of the nursing mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The survey showed the major constraints to exclusive breastfeeding to be: the perception that babies continued to be hungry after breastfeeding (29%); maternal health problems (26%); fear of babies becoming addicted to breast milk (26%); pressure from mother-in-law (25%); pains in the breast (25%); and the need to return to work (24%). In addition, the qualitative findings showed that significant others played dual roles with consequences on breastfeeding practices. The desire to practice exclusive breastfeeding was often compromised shortly after child delivery. Poor feeding, inadequate support from husband and conflicting positions from the significant others were dominant constraints. The nurses decried the effects of their workload on providing quality supports for nursing mothers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Breastfeeding mothers are faced with multiple challenges as they strive to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Thus, scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers requires concerted efforts at the macro, meso and micro levels of the Nigerian society.</p