17 research outputs found

    Characteristics of commercial poultry and spatial distribution of metabolic and behavioural diseases in Oyo State, Nigeria

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    This study was conducted to determine the characteristics, types and spread of poultry metabolic and behavioural diseases in Oyo State using a structured questionnaire spread across the 33 Local Government Areas of the state. One hundred commercial farms were randomly selected across the state but only seventy-eight responded. Data were collected on age of farm, number of stocks, types of poultry kept and types of poultry disease experienced and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Coordinates of the farms were captured with the aid of Global Positioning System (GPS) and imported into Geographical Information System (GIS) to produce disease risk maps of the study area. Results revealed that 58.98% of the sampled poultry farms in Oyo State were established between 5 and 10 years ago and were mostly small scale commercial farms (48.72%) with less than five thousand (<5,000) birds. Only 3.84% of the farms possessed more than 120,000 birds, while 83.34% reared chicken, and 53.85% raised layers. The result also revealed that 89.74% of the farms experienced disease occurrence. Heat stress (23.08%) and vent pecking (38.46%) were the major metabolic and behavioural diseases, respectively experienced in Oyo State. The study concluded that majority of the commercial farms were small scale enterprises and layers constituted the highest proportion of chickens reared. Also, Oyo State had moderate to high potential for metabolic and behavioural diseases spread in 23 Local Government Areas while vent pecking and heat stress were the major diseases affecting most of the poultry commercial farms. Commercial poultry farms in Oyo State are enjoined to improve on their management techniques such as appropriate stocking density, good housing design and orientation, good feed and water management, effective structural and operation bio-security, proper hygiene and sanitation for better and efficient production targets.Keywords: Behavioural disease, Commercial poultry, GIS, Metabolic disease, Oyo Stat

    replacement of fish meal with shrimp waste meal in weaner pig ration

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    Effect Of Enzyme Supplementation On The Utilization Of Shrimpwaste Meal Based Diets By Broiler Chicken

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    The effects of enzyme supplementation of shrimp waste meal (SWM) based diets on the performance and nutrient utilization of starter and finisher broilers were studied. One hundred and twenty day old broilers (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 30 birds each. Each group was further divided into three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were assigned the four dietary treatment in 2 X 2 factorial design. Diets 1 and 3 had fish meal as the sole animal protein source, diets 2 and 4 had shrimp waste as the animal protein source. Diets 1 and 2 were without enzymes while diets 3 and 4 were supplemented with enzyme. Records of performance, nutrient utilization, blood parameters and carcass characteristics were taken. The values of average final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio at starter and finisher phases were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. The daily feed intake of the starter broilers fed diet 3 (fish meal based diets with enzyme) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatment. Birds fed fish meal diet without enzyme had the highest serum uric acid and serum cholesterol at the starter phase. Finisher broiler fed fish meal based diet without enzyme had a significantly (P<0.05) higher serum creatinine value. Carcass characteristics measured were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that SWM can be employed as an animal protein source in broiler diets. The exogenous enzyme (Roxazyme G) used did not effect any appreciable improvement on the utilization of SWM based diets.Keywords: Enzyme supplementation, utilization, shrimp waste, broiler chicken

    Utilization Of Diets Containing Cashew-Nut Reject Meal By Weaner Pigs

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    A trial was conducted to assess the performance and digestibility of weaner pigs fed diets containing cashew nut reject meal (CNM). A control diet was formulated without cashew nut reject meal while two other diets were also formulated to contain either 50g or 100g/kg diet. The CNM replaced soybean meal in the control diet and the three diets were isocaloric and isoproteinous. Twelve six weeks old weaner pips (7.5 ± 0.89kg) were assigned on weight equalization basis to the three dietary treatments. Records of performance and some haematological parameters were taken. The digestibility of dry matter and the proximate fractions of feed were also determined. Feed intake of pigs on the CNM diets were lower (P<0.05) than those in the control group but there were no significant effect (P>0.05) of CNM inclusion on weight gain and feed: gain ratio. Protein efficiency ratio and apparent protein digestibilitv were highest in the soybean meal control diets. Pigs fed CNM diets had higher creatinine levels in their serum compared with the control diet. There were no significant differences among the dietary treatments for total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and cholesterol. It was concluded that CNM can be included in the diets of weaner pigs to replace soyabean meal up to 10% level with little or no deleterious effect on rate of gain.Keywords: Cashew nut meal, weaner pig

    Effect of dietary L- Carnitine supplementation of diets containing cashew nut reject meal by broiler chickens

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    In a completely randomized designed, two hundred and forty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5mg kg-1 Lcarnitine. Each of the diets contained equal amount of maize and cashew nut reject meal (CNRM). The birds were randomly divided into sixteen groups of fifteen chicks each after weight equalisation. Each diet was assigned to four groups of birds representing four replicates per experimental diet. Measurements taken during starting and finishing phases included average live weight, average weight gain, average feed intake while feed to gain ratio was calculated. Nutrient digestibility of the experimental diets was also evaluated. Results between 0-4weeks indicated that body weights ranged from 673.71g in the birds that received 2.5mgkg-1 to 700.21g in the birds that received 7.5mgkg-1 L-carnitine. Weight gain and feed intake values were significantly (P<0.05) affected by L-carnitine levels. Feed to gain ratio values were elevated when birds were fed 0 and 2.5mgkg-1 L-carnitine levels. Evaluation of nutrient utilization showed a significant (P<0.05) influence on crude protein and ether extract values. Between 5-8 weeks of rearing, feed intake increased (P<0.05) as Lcarnitine levels increased in diets while lower (P<0.05) feed to gain value was recorded at high level of dietary L-carnitine. Nutrients utilization parameters were not affected (P>0.05) during finishing phase. Overall results showed that highest body weight and weight gain were obtained in the group that received 7.5mgkg-1 L-carnitine supplementation. The study showed that supplementing CNRM diets up to 7.5mgkg-1 is beneficial to growth and utilization of broiler chickens. However, this was more effective at the starter phase.Keywords: L-carnitine, cashew nut reject meal, broiler bird

    Nutritive value of malted sorghum sprout

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    An experiment was conducted with weanling albino rats of winster strain to determine the nutritive value of malted sorghum sprout (MSP). A basal diet (Nitrogen free) was formulated along with four (4) different 10% protein diets as follows (I) Soybean meal (reference) (2) MSP, (3) MPS + Methionine + Lysine The 30 weanling rats used in the experiment were divided into 5 group of 6 rats e.ich, and each group was alloted to the different diets. The rats were housed individually. Rats fed soybean meal diet had retention and growth rates which were significantly (P<0.05) better than other retention and growth rates. Supplementation of MSP with either methionine alone or methionine and lysine improved the performance of rats compared to the unsupplemented MSP diet which ranked lowest. Serum PO42 were increased (p<0.05) in rats fed MSP while the serum Ca2+ levels did not vary significantly with the dietary treatment. There was no difference among treatment means for relative organ weight (p>0.05). It was concluded that the protein quality of MSP is poor but can be slightly improved by supplementation with synthetic methionine and lysine. Keywords:   Nutritive value, malted sorghum sprout, albino rat

    Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed ensiled cassava leaves with or without molasses and caged layer waste

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    The study was conducted to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African dwarf goats fed ensiled cassava leaves with molasses and caged layer waste. Eighteen West African dwarf goats were randomly assigned to three experimental diets consisting of cassava leaves ensiled alone (ECF), cassava leaves ensiled with 5% molasses (ECFM) and cassava leaves ensiled with 5% caged layer waste (ECFP) in a Completely Randomized Design. Results obtained showed that ensiling with molasses resulted in lower DM, CP, NDF, tannin and HCN levels. Crude protein intake was similar in ECF and ECFM but lower (P < 0.05) in ECFP ranging from 161.28 - 172.71g/d. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and lymphocyte concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in ECFP but similar with the values obtained for ECF. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil and monocytes contents in all the treatments. The highest significant (P < 0.05) value of 36.7g/l was obtained in ECFM and values of 29.4 and 24.0g/l in ECF and ECFP respectively for globulin. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in AST content in all the treatments. ALT value of 16.5 IU/L was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in ECF and different from the values of 12.0 IU/L obtained in both ECFM and ECFP respectively. It is concluded that cassava leaves can be conveniently ensiled with 5% of both molasses and caged layer waste without adverse effects on the haematological and biochemical status of WAD goats.Keywords: Haematology, serum, molasses, caged layer wast
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