33 research outputs found

    Hépatopathie du prématuré et perturbations hémodynamiques

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    Introduction : Le foie est soumis aux perturbations hémodynamiques que le prématuré rencontre : hypoperfusion d origine anoxo-ischémique, choc infectieux, etc Les conséquences de ces perturbations hémodynamiques peuvent être importantes, allant de l hépatite néonatale jusqu à la défaillance hépatique. La cinétique des marqueurs biologiques hépatiques est connue chez le prématuré ; cependant les normes établies ne tiennent pas compte des perturbations hémodynamiques qui ont pu survenir au cours du développement néonatal. Objectif : Etudier le profil des marqueurs biologiques hépatiques chez le prématuré de moins de 32 SA, au cours du 1er mois de vie, en cas de perturbations hémodynamiques. Matériels et méthodes : Type d étude : rétrospective, sur dossiers. Population et méthode : prématurés admis en médecine néonatale au CHU d Amiens en 2009, d AG [26 - 32] SA et ayant eu un bilan hépatique en période néonatale. Répartition en deux groupes selon l existence ou non de perturbations hémodynamiques (groupes Hémodynamique + et Hémodynamique -). Description des caractéristiques de la population et analyse des résultats du bilan hépatique. Statistiques descriptives : Variables décrites par médiane et intervalle interquartile ; effectif et pourcentage. Comparaison des groupes par Chi2 et test t de Student. Régression logistique. Seuil p significatif < 0,5.Résultats : 75 prématurés d AG moyen 28,6 +-1,6 et PN 1185 +-325 ont été inclus : 37 dans Hémodynamique + et 38 Hémodynamique -. Le groupe Hémodynamique + avait un AG, un PN, une taille et un périmètre crânien de naissance plus faibles. Le groupe hémodynamique + avait des valeurs de bilirubine directe et indirecte, et un rapport Bilirubine directe/ Bilirubine totale plus élevés que dans le groupe Hémodynamique -. 7 enfants avaient présenté une cholestase néonatale transitoire: tous appartenaient au groupe Hémodynamique +. Après ajustement, les perturbations hémodynamiques, le RCIU et le traitement par AUDC restaient indépendamment associé à l élévation de la biirubine directe. Discussion / Conclusion : L immaturité des grandes fonctions vitales rendent le prématuré vulnérable aux perturbations hémodynamiques. Nous avons voulu étudier leur retentissement sur la fonction hépatique. Nous avons observé une association significative entre élévation des taux de bilirubine directe et indirecte et perturbations hémodynamiques dans la population étudiée. Cette donnée est à confirmer par un échantillon plus large et de façon prospective.Introduction : The liver is subjected to hemodynamics disturbances that the preterm baby meets: hypodrip of fetal anoxia-ischemia, contagious shock, etc . Consequences of these hemodynamics disturbances can be important, going of neonatal hepatitis up to hepatic failure. The kinetics of the hepatic biological markers is known in preterm; however established norms do not take into account hemodynamics disturbances which could happen in the course of neonatal development. Objectiv: Study the hepatic biological markers in the preterm of less than 32 GA, in the course of the 1st month of life, in case of hemodynamics disturbances. Matérials and Methods: This is a retrospectiv study. Population and method: preterm babies admitted in neonatal medicine in the Universitary Hospital of Amiens in 2009, GA [26 - 32] weeks, and having had a hepatic balance sheet in neonatal period. Distribution in two groups according to the existence or not of hemodynamics disturbances (group Hemodynamic + and Hemodynamic-). Description of the characteristics of the population and the analysis of the results of the hepatic balance sheet. Descriptive statistics: variables described by median and interval interquartile; staff and percentage. Comparison of the groups by Chi2 and t-test of Student. Logistic regression, p significant < 0,5. Results: 75 preterm babies of average GA 28,6+-1,6 and BW 1185g+-325. 37 in Hemodynamic+ and 38 Hemodynamic- were included: The group Hemodynamic+ had weaker GA,BW, size and cranial born perimeter. The group Hemodynamic+ had values of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin/total bilirubin more raised than in the group Hemodynamic-. 7 children had presented a neonatal cholestasis: all belonged to the group Hemodynamic+. After adjustment, the hemodynamics disturbances, growth retardation intrauterine and the treatment by ursodeoxycholic acid remained independently associated with the rise of the conjugated bilirubin. Discussion / Conclusion: The immaturity of vital functions make preterm babies vulnerable to hemodynamics disturbances. We wanted to study their impact on hepatic function. We noticed a significant association between elevation of the rates of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin and hemodynamics disturbances in the studied population. These data are to confirm by a broader sample and in a long-term manner.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prise en charge de l'entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante sur l'ensemble du territoire français

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    L entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante est une maladie inflammatoire de l intestin du nouveau-né. Elle est l urgence gastro-intestinale la plus redoutée et la plus rencontrée dans les unités de soins intensifs de néonatologie. L entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante présente une origine multifactorielle. Malgré les progrès réalisés depuis plus de quarante ans, l étiologie précise de cette maladie reste toujours incertaine entraînant une prise en charge thérapeutique peu spécifique ( ou symptomatique) et très controversée : stabilisation cardi-respiratoire, maîtrise du processus infectieux et inflammatoire par une antibiothérapie probabiliste. Pour les formes compliquées, ne répondant pas au traitement médical de façon adéquate, ou si une perforation intestinale apparaît, une intervention chirurgicale devient donc nécessaire. Notre travail s est donc particulièrement intéressé aux pratiques médico-chirurgicales réalisées sur l ensemble du territoire Français. Cette enquête nationale nous a permis de montrer les différences entre chacun des centres mais aussi d observer, grâce à ces cinq questions, les traitements les plus souvent prescrits. La majeure partie des centres Français présente les mêmes types de prise en charge que celles retrouvés dans la littérature. La question est donc de pouvoir trouver un consensus afin d homogénéiser au mieux notre prise en charge nationale. Et pourquoi pas aboutir à un protocole national, cela semblerait intéressant et nécessaireAMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Dépistage de la rétinopathie du prématuré au CHU d Amiens (en 2004-2005)

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    La rétinopathie du prématuré est un trouble vasoprolifératif de l œil qui affecte les nouveau-nés prématurés. Les formes les plus graves de la maladie peuvent provoquer une perte sévère de l acuité visuelle, voire une cécité. Cette déficience est à l origine d un handicap pour l enfant en perturbant ses acquisitions futures. Notre étude a pour objectif d analyser notre expérience amiénoise du protocole de dépistage de la RDP, en étudiant les enfants pris en charge au CHU d Amiens dans le service de réanimation et de soins intensifs néonatals, ayant bénéficié d au moins un fond d œil au cours de leur hospitalisation. Nous souhaitons comparer nos résultats à ceux de la littérature en termes d incidence et de facteur de risque. Enfin nous tenterons d estimer le suivi ophtalmologique des enfants ayant fait l objet d un dépistage dans notre service.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and exfoliative toxin genes in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains from raw human breast milk

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    BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Human milk is known to be the best food for infants, as it contains all of the nutrients they need and also helps to protect them against infection. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common clinical and foodborne pathogens. It produces a variety of extracellular protein toxins, including enterotoxins, exfoliative toxin (ET), haemolysins and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). This study was carried out to evaluate the Xpert MRSA/SA nasal (Cepheid) PCR assay for the detection of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, and to analyse the frequency of genes encoding the classical antigenic staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and exfoliative toxins (ET) in S. aureus strains isolated from raw human breast milk (HBM). METHODS: A total of 72 milk samples were collected from mothers who had delivered in the hospital between 16 February 2014 and 24 April 2016. Samples were cultured and bacterial colonies were identified phenotypically by standard bacteriological methods. All staphylococci strains isolated by routine tests were examined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Then PCR Xpert MRSA/SA nasal was performed on the closed GeneXpert® random access platform (Cepheid), then the house-PCR to detect SE genes and ET genes. RESULTS: S. aureus was identified in 86.2% (62/72) of the 72 Staphylococcus spp isolated from raw milk culture. PCR results showed that 30 of the 62 S. aureus strains (48.3%) harboured genes coding for toxins. sea was the most prevalent virulence gene (24.1%), followed by see (12.9%) and eta (12.9%) genes. CONCLUSIONS: Xpert MRSA/SA nasal complete assay allows rapid and accurate identification of MRSA and MSSA. This assay is very easy to perform and is useful for the diagnosis of milk contamination by S. aureus in human milk banks. These results suggest the potential infant health threat related to S. aureus contamination of HBM. Efforts are therefore required to improve safety standards to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning in these infants

    Breastmilk donations: Bacteriological assessment, analysis of causes of non-compliance and suggestions for improvement

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    International audienceA total of 1099 breastmilk donations received by the milk bank at the Amiens University Hospital from January to June 2016 were assessed for bacteriological contamination according to French regulations. This consisted in enumerating the total aerobic flora before and after heat treatment as well as the specific enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Results above the mandatory limits for at least one of these parameters were found in 25.9% of the donations, resulting in the destruction of approximately one-quarter of the volume of the donations (similar to 195 L). This is a huge loss in both economic and health-related terms for neonates, especially for pre-terms. To identify ways to improve the bacteriological assessment results and reduce the percentage of discarded milk, an analysis of the causes was conducted. The two main causes of non-compliance were the detection of a cultivable aerobic flora after heat treatment and the presence of coagulase-positive staphylococci above the mandatory limit (11.7% and 11.2% of the tested donations, respectively). Bacillus spp. were the leading cause of post-heat treatment non-compliance. Therefore, the implementation of better environmental control could help reduce this kind of contamination. As for samples harboring coagulase-positive staphylococci, a further detection of toxins using molecular biology techniques could help discriminate actual health-hazardous donations that have to be destroyed while enabling the use of toxin-negative donations. Nevertheless, the economic viability of this proposal needs to be further assessed because these techniques are costly. Finally, a change in breastmilk dilutions used to enumerate the total aerobic flora to better reflect the actual level of these bacteria in the milk was proposed. Indeed, the comparison of various combinations of milk dilutions led to the conclusion that the association of the 1/10 and 1/100 dilutions was the best compromise between technical ease of enumeration and ensuring the safety of the donations. Implementing these suggestions would help reduce the rate of non-compliance and give better access to safe breastmilk donations for neonates. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

    Influence of chronic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on sleep structure in preterm neonates : preliminary results

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    6th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Neurology (EAN), ELECTR NETWORK, MAY 23-26, 2020International audienc

    CHARACTERIZATION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN CELIAC CHILDREN

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    International audienceCeliac disease (CD) is enteropathy autoimmune induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of CD, and a disturber of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, 13 Samples of intestinal biopsy, 15 fecal samples from celiac children, and 10 from controls children respectively were collected and analyzed by conventional culture technique to characterize the microbial profile intestinal of celiac children. There was 24 celiac children (8 boys), Mean age at diagnosis was 9.52 years, all have clinical manifestations, positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies and mucosal lesions suggestive of CD (Marsh Classification). We found a difference in intestinal microbiota, between celiac and controls children for example the Enterobacteria, Clostridium sp and Staphylococcus sp were remarkably higher in biopsy and fecal samples of celiac children than in controls. Inversely the Enterococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp and Clostridium sp were slightly lower in celiac children. Our results indicate an imbalance in intestinal microbiota for celiac children as reduction in the numbers of Lactobacillus sp, Enterococcus sp and increases in the numbers of Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus sp and Clostridium sp
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