CONTRACTUAL FREEDOM AND FORMALISM IN THE CREDIT AGREEMENT

The credit agreement meaning is trust. It involves a psychological relationship between two or more persons, characterized by predictability the third one involving present or future action on the status of a particular person.This relationship is psychological, in a certain context, social relationship and may take legal meanings. If at the beginning, people borrowed food and tools, later borrowed money to buy everything you wanted. Financial lending institution has become very popular, creating a group of people who have dealt with this service. Over time, this community has turned into banks. Being originally a loan of money covered by the Civil Code, the credit is used daily by both individuals and by professionals, becoming an engine of capitalist society. Unprecedented expansion of this contract led to a strict control of public authorities and subsequent legislative interventions, the articles of the Civil Code is supplemented by regulations governing the progressive banking, legal interest, namely consumer credit. Under the credit agreement, the economic situation of the parties is not equal, one party is disadvantaged in comparison to the other, protecting the disadvantaged part of the legislature making it a target in credit operations. In French doctrine, consumer credit has been praised as “a contract of all pleasures”; but at the same time “an agreement of all risks”

Effect of Dietary Extruded Linseed and Walnut Meal Mixture (8:1) on Performance and Plasma Protein Profile in Weaned Piglets

The effects of dietary extruded linseed (ELS):walnut meal (WM) mixture (8:1) on performance and plasma protein profile in weaned piglets was evaluated for 21 d. Topigs piglets (n=40; BW=8.02±0.82 kg), age 30±3 days, were allotted into 2 groups and fed 2 diets: control [C, based on corn-triticale-soybean meal (SBM)] and experimental (ELS:WM, where the ELS:WM mixture (8:1) partially replace SBM). Blood samples were collected at 7d and 21d after weaning. The plasma protein profile (total protein, total bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen-BUN) were determined by a chemistry analyser. Dietary ELS:WM mixture improve the BW (P=0.047) and ADG (P=0.036) of piglets at 21d after weaning vs C, whereas ADFI and F:G ratio were increase (P>0.05). The plasma protein profile of piglets fed dietary mixture was not affected at 7d and 21d after weaning, except plasma BUN concentration that was decrease (P=0.027) at 21d after weaning. Lower BUN concentration indicated higher availability of dietary nitrogen reflected in a higher deposition of protein. We concluded that dietary ELS:WM mixture improve piglets performance and positively afect plasma protein profile, especially BUN in weaning period

Electrochemical characterization of PVC-Pt(II) porphyrin-membrane

The maximum water volume fraction absorbed by membrane based on Pt(II)- 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-methoxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (PtTMeOPP) in poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC) matrix applied on iron substrate is 0.3 % and the permeability is 7.6×10−12 m 2 s −1 . After 24 h immersion in the 0.5 M 4-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) solution of pH = 5.5, the Nyquist representation of impedance data shows diffusion into the membrane of electrolytes from the buffer solution, causing a decrease of the membrane electric resistance, but no delamination was observed for immersion longer than 48 h. Furthermore, the coating resistance is still close to ~16000 ohm.cm−2 after 25 hours. This recommends this membrane as good material in potentiometric sensors design

Effects of the dietary millet (Panicum Miliaceum) on some quality characteristics of liver, Longissimus dorsi and Semitendinosus muscle on pigs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 25% millet (Panicum miliaceum) as replacement of triticale on some quality characteristics of pig meat. Forty pigs Topigs hybrid (initial body weight 13.58 ± 0.37 kg) used in the trial for 30 days were assigned into two dietary treatments: control diet (M) and experimental diet (E, with 25% millet that replaces triticale from M diet). The pigs were slaughtered (n=3/group) at 81 ± 3 days (final body weight 32 ± 4.5 kg). The samples were taken from the liver, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscle and analyzed for: pH, colour and texture profile. The pH value of the liver and texture profile of all the tissue samples from E diet were not statistically different comparing to the M diet. Pigs fed E diet had a significantly increased value of redness a* in the liver (>17%) and in the ST (>45.5%) compared to M group. The liver yellowness b* was significantly higher (>53%) in the E group compared to the M group. For all tissue samples, the shear force was significantly affected in group E compared to the M group. In conclusion, the replacement of triticale with millet could be recommended for inclusion in pigs diets, without affecting pig meat quality

CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO WITHDRAW

The right of withdrawal (of a contract) belongs to the consumer, and is an essential means for the improvement of regulations that protect the consumer.. Right of withdrawal is not a recent creation and is not even specific to the consumer field. He was previously recognized in civil and commercial law (without special regulation). The right to withdraw may even have as ground the parties will. Thus, based on the contractual freedom, the parties may agree that one of them has the right to terminate the contract unilaterally The possibility of unilateral denunciation of the contract, gives the consumer, added protection by being able to reflect the decision and to check how the trader fulfil its obligations. In this context, through its effects, the right of denunciation, forces the professional parties to conduct themselves as fair as possible to the consumer and to execute the contract properly. In the study of the consumer protection, the time of conclusion is essential because in this stage is manifested, the inequality between the consumer and professional. Thus, the lack of information, the major of products and activities, commercial practices, influence the formation of consumer will, preventing the expression of a freely and knowingly consent

SHORT CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE PRECIPUT CLAUSE IN RELATION TO MATRIMONIAL CONVENTIONS

The preciput clause is a subject of dispute since the new Civil Code entered into force.Several question arise in this field: is this clause a liberality or a donation, which matrimonial regime is compatible with the preciput clause, for what reason the legislature choose to regulate preciput as a clause and not as an agreement and the expressed doubts can be continued as regard to the new civil law.The authors of this article are not having in mind to put an end to all those debates they are just proposing an investigation of the preciput clause under two aspects:legal nature and aplicability as related to the matrimonial regimes – legal community, separation of assets and conventional community with accents on the normative evolution as a result of social and economic changes

Assessment of genetic stability in micropropagated plants of some ornamental strawberry varieties

In order to evaluate the genetic stability and uniformity of ornamental strawberry plants micropropagated by using a new and highly efficient protocol we have developed recently, RAPD markers were used with intergeneric hybrids ‘Pink Panda’ and ‘Serenata’. Micropropagated shoots selected at random from four subcultures onto either Murashige & Skoog or Lee & Fossard media, each of them supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg l-1, indolylacetic acid (IAA) at 1.0 mg l-1 and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0.1mg l-1, were subjected to molecular analysis. Ten deca-nucleotide primers (among 48 tested) were chosen for RAPD analysis, all of them indicating genetic stability for micropropagated plants of the investigated varieties of ornamental strawberry

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND VALORIZATION OF SILKWORM PUPAE (BOMBYX MORI. L) IN POULTRY DIETS – REVIEW

The development of the poultry industry increased the request for conventional feed ingredients (soybean meal and oil, fish meal), leading to higher costs and environmental pressure. In this context, there is an increased interest in finding sustainable alternatives such as protein-rich insect species as innovative ingredients in poultry diets. Sericulture produces a lot of by-products, including silkworm pupae (SWP), a valuable and less expensive alternative protein source. Therefore, this review firstly presents the nutritional value of full-fat and defatted SWP as potential feed ingredients for poultry. The proximate composition of SWP consists of 37.8–82.8% crude protein (with a higher digestibility ranging from 76% to 98%), 2–36.2% crude fat, 1–9.5% crude fibre, 1–10.6% ash, and 21.9–25.8 MJ/kg gross energy. SWP has high-quality protein and lipids due to their essential amino acids (40- 48% of total amino acids content) and fatty acids profiles (especially alpha-linolenic, 20-38% and linoleic, 5.5–21%). The vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds (i.e., 1-Deoxynojirimycin, 1-DNJ) complete their nutritional value. SWP also contains a polysaccharide, chitin (1.5–3.4% of dry matter), with structural function in organisms. Secondly, we reported the effects of using SWP in broilers, laying hens and quails diets, focusing on productive performance, health status and quality of poultry products. The findings demonstrated that SWP could partially replace conventional ingredients in poultry diets, maintaining appropriate performance and/or improving meat or egg qualities

Blood Parameters, Digestive Organ Size and Intestinal Microflora of Broiler Chicks Fed Sorghum as Partial Substitute of Corn

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary white sorghum (WS), as partial substitute of corn on blood parameters, digestive organ size and intestinal microflora of broilers at 35 d. Cobb 500 broilers (n=400), assigned to 2 groups, were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal control diets (C) or corn-WS-soybean meal diets (WS), where corn was partially replaced (50%) with WS. At 35 d, sixteen broilers per group were selected for blood sampling, gastrointestinal (GIT) measurements, digesta pH and ileum microflora analysis. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the dietary WS inclusion on blood biochemistry parameters, GIT development and digesta pH of broilers. In our study, dietary WS significantly reduced the ileal population of Enterobacteriaceae (-1.38%; P<0.0001) and E. coli (-1.16%; P=0.020), and increased the Lactobacillus spp. (+1.07%; P=0.014) compared with the C diet. In conclusion, feeding white sorghum, as partial substitute of corn in broiler diets, did not affect blood parameters, digestive organ size and digesta pH, that support the obtained performance. In addition, sorghum had a positive effect of the ileal microflora increasing the beneficial bacterial Lactobacillus spp

Food Safety and Sustainability ‒ An Exploratory Approach at the Level of the Romanian Wine Production Companies

This article aims at identifying and analyzing opinions referring to the necessity, opportunity and efficiency of the implementation of the strategies and sustainable development practices in the wine industry as food safety is considered a component of sustainability. The main objective of the paper is to create a clear picture of the existing willingness of companies to adopt marketing strategies that should contribute to increasing food security by increasing the quality of wine and which should be based on the principles of sustainability. In this sense, the authors conducted some qualitative marketing research in which 15 managers from wine producing companies from Romania's wine-growing areas were interviewed. The research highlights the relationship between responsible consumption, food safety and sustainability, and the authors believe that such an association is relevant to the economic and social context of the European Union and other parts of the world. The novelty of this research refers to the analysis of the relationship between the responsible wine consumption and sustainability, to the identification of the opinions of the wine companies managers regarding the benefits and the limits of M2M and IoT technologies, to the emphasis of the marketing strategies and techniques considered innovative in the field of viticulture, as well as to the association of the concept of food safety by wine consumption to the aspects related to education and culture