Properties of the Disorder Induced in the Purple Membrane Structure by Iodination

Iodination induces disorder in the crystalline structure of purple membrane. The properties Of the disorder were examined by X-ray diffraction experiments on the iodinated purple membrane. The analysis of the intensity and the integral width of the Bragg reflections revealed that the disorder was well characterized by the second kind of disorder. The g value, which represents the extent of the second kind of disorder, is obtained for iodinated purple membrane with various extent of iodination. The g value and the wavelength at absorption maximum of iodinated PM are well correlated, indicating that the local change around retinal is reflected in the disorder in the crystalline structure of purple membrane

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Mitigation of shielding-current-induced field of a dipole magnet wound with coated conductors during pattern-operation and evaluation of beam orbit

International audienceWe have been developing large-scale electromagnetic field analysis model of magnets composed of coated conductors to predict their field quality. We applied the model to a dipole magnet wound with coated conductors and calculated shielding-current-induced field during pattern- operation. Moreover, to mitigate the influence of the shielding- current-induced field on the field quality of the dipole magnet, we suggested two solutions: current control for dipole component and combination of the dipole magnet and corrections coils for sextupole component. Also, we conducted beam orbit simulations and particle distribution estimation with/without the mitigation methods

The liquid-liquid transition and its order parameter

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。研究会報告我々はTriphenyl Phosphite(TPP)およびnormal butanolという分子性液体において液体・液体相転移を発見した。そのキネティクスを顕微鏡、熱量測定を用いた調べた結果、核形成・成長型(NG-type)相転移とスピノーダル分解型(SD-type)相転移の2種類の相転移過程があることがわかった。スピノーダル分解型相転移を詳細に調べた結果、液体・液体相転移を支配する秩序変数は非保存系であることがわかった。そこで、Photon Factory(PF)において放射光X線回折実験を行い、液体・液体相転移中における液体のミクロスコピックな変化を調べた。その結果、液体・液体相転移の秩序変数は局所安定構造の数密度であることが示唆された

Magnetic Field Design of Coil-Dominated Magnets Wound With Coated Conductors

Coil-dominated magnets wound with coated conductors were designed for an FFAG accelerator for carbon therapy, which was designed by applying linear approximation. When designing the coil-end of the magnets, we applied differential geometry. To apply the differential geometry to three-dimensional windings with coated conductors, we introduced the concept of generalized flat-wise bending. Thereby, the combination of flat-wise bending and torsion was considered as bending of developable surface. Generated magnetic field was calculated, and the positions of conductors were optimized to minimize the field error. Three dimensional shapes of magnets were successfully designed with constraints on generalized flat-wise bending and edge-wise bending of coated conductors