Determination of proteolytic and lipolytic activities of some pseudomonas bacteria

In this study, a total of fifteen strains belonging to Pseudomonas fluorescens ssp. indologenes, Pseudomonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas luteola, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analysed. Strains were isolated from the raw milk and identified by using Analytical Profile Indeks (API 20 NE). Antibiotic susceptibility tests of Pseudomonas spp. strains to ampicillin (10 µg), amikacine (30 µg), gentamicine (10 µg), oflaxacine (5 µg), tetracikline (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), cephuroxime (30 µg) were determined by using the disk diffusion method. The results were described according to NCCLS standards. It was determined that 57% of Pseudomonas strains were susceptibility, 35% were resistant and 7% were intermediate susceptibility against fifteen antibiotics tested. Proteolytic activities of Pseudomonas strains were tested in Skim Milk Agar (SMA) medium and fourteen strains were determined that had a proteolytic activities. Proteolytic activities of these strains were found between 8.0 and 55.0 mm with an average 28.1 mm zone diameter. The highest proteolytic activity 55.0 mm was found in P. fluorescens ssp. indologenes T7 strain. In this study, lipolytic activities of Pseudomonas strains were tested in Tributirin Agar (TA) medium. Thirteen strains were determined that had a lipolytic activities. Lipolytic activities of these strains were found between 5.3 and 29.3 with an average 15.4 mm zone diameter. Zone diameter of the highest lipolytic activity 29.3 mm was found in P. fluorescens ssp. indologenes T8 strain. Our research in this sense, purification and economic benefits of microbial enzymes, which are used in the pharmaceutical industry, sheds lightKey words : Disk diffussion , Pseudomonas strains, Proteolytic activity, Lipolytic activit

In vitro Antimicrobial and AntioxidantProperties of Ganoderma lucidum ExtractsGrown in Turkey

Aim: To determine antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of Ganoderma lucidum.Place and Duration of Study: Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, PharmaceuticalBiotechnology research laboratory,Kayseri, Turkey, between January to March, 2013.Methodology: Antimicrobial inhibitory effects were carried out on the extracts using discdiffusion method. Antioxidant activities of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts fromG.lucidum were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radicalscavenging, metal chelating, total flavonoid and total antioxidant activity assays. Inaddition, the amounts of phenolic compound, &beta;-carotene and lycopene components in theextracts were determined.Results: The antimicrobial effects of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of G. lucidumwere tested against one species of Gram positive bacteria, two species of Gram-negativebacteria and two yeast. The highest inhibitory activity was determined against Candidaglabrata RSKK 04019 [25&plusmn;1 mm, inhibition zone diameter]. On the other hand, the lowestinhibitory activity was determined against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Bacillussubtilis RSKK 244 [10&plusmn;1 and 10&plusmn;0 mm, inhibition zone diameter]. DPPH radicalscavenging effect was detected in the methanol extract [IC50 = 3.82&plusmn;0.04 &mu;g/mL] washigher than the ethanol extracts [IC50 = 7.03&plusmn;0.07 &mu;g/mL]. Compared to referenceantioxidant, the methanol and ethanol extracts of G.lucidum provided a lower IC50 thanbutylated hydoxyanisole [BHA] [IC50 = 0.30&plusmn;0.01 &mu;g/mL]. Phenolic compounds were themajor antioxidant component found in the mushroom extracts.Conclusion: These results showed that G. lucidum may be used in pharmaceuticalapplications because of its effective antioxidant properties.</div

Extracellular directed ag NPs formation and investigation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties

The use of microbial cell culture a valuable tool for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology as it is eco-friendly, inexpensive and simple. Here, the synthesis of nanosilver particle (AgNP) from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gram (+), Bacillus subtilis and gram (−), Escherichia coli was shown. In this field we are the first to study their the antimicrobial effects of the microorganisms mentioned above against pathogens and anticancer activity on MCF-7 cell line. Silver nanoparticles in the size range of 126–323 nm were synthesized extracellularly by the microorganisms, which have different cell structures. Optical absorption, scanning electron microscopy, and zetasizer analysis confirmed the silver nanoparticles formation. Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated the minimum inhibition concentration and disc diffusion methods. AgNPs inhibited nearly 90% the growth of Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-negative Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis bacterial pathogens. Anticancer potentials of AgNPs were investigated by MTT method. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited excellent high toxicity on MCF-7 cells and had a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. Especially AgNP 2 eliminated 67% of the MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 3.125 μg/mL. We found that extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles from microbial culture may be ‘green’ alternative to physical and chemical methods from the point of view of synthesis in large amounts and easy process. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Cytotoxicity, Extracellular synthesis, Silver nanoparticl

’Antimicrobial Effects of Some Natural Dyes

The present study was taken up as an exploratory study to test if some natural dyes have inherent antimicrobial activity with a view to develop protective clothing from these. Twelve natural dyes Alchemilla vulgaris, Centaurium erythraea, Chamomillae vulgaris, Cortex juglandis, Flos tiliae argentum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lorthos tinctorius, Prunus avium, Salvia triloba, Fructus viburni opuli, Curcuma longa and Flos altheae were tested against common pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis RSKK 244, Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and yeast Candida glabrata RSKK 04019, Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The results demonstrate that certain natural dyes are able to reduce microbial growth in the case of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the natural dyes (obtained from Alchemilla vulgaris, Centaurium erythraea, Cortex juglandis, Flos althea) showed activity against one or more of the bacteria by disk diffusion method. Cortex juglandis dye was most effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The textile material impregnated with this natural dyes and maximum inhibition rate (88%). B. subtilis, E.coli and S.aureus of wool samples dyed with Centaurium erythraea and their inhibition rates (respectively, 11,14,23% ). Alchemilla vulgaris dye was effective against B.subtilis and S.aureus ( 24% and 14% ) while Flos altheae showed effect on E.coli ( 23% ).Key words : Antimicrobial activity, Natural dyes, textile