Situação e perspectivas da abacaxicultura na Bahia.

O abacaxizeiro é planta típica de regiões tropicais e subtropicais, com boa capacidade de adaptação a condições ambientais com limitações de suprimento hídrico estacional. O seu fruto é um dos mais apreciados pelos consumidores mundo afora em função do seu visual exótico imponente e suas qualidades gustativas e nutricionais. Tais características, e a grande demanda decorrente, foram um atrativo especial para a sua domesticação e o desenvolvimento de técnicas para o seu cultivo comercial.Palestra

Growth of cocoa as function of fertigation with nitrogen.

The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the growth characteristics of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), specifically the clone CCN-51, was evaluate in a field experiment conducted on the period from August 2010 to June 2011 in Jequié city, Bahia State, Brazil. The experimental area, approximately 0.18 ha with the planting of cocoa clonal CCN- 51 in Yellow Oxisol was irrigated drip emitters. The statistical experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications where the factors water level and nitrogen level were factorial combined resulting in the 16 treatments. During the experimental period were measured plant height in plant height and stem diameter. The biometric variables responded to treatments. The water level used in this study negatively affected the plant growth. The nitrogen level used in this study positively influenced the plant growth. The relative growth rate in relation to the plant height and stem diameter, on average, corresponded to about 14% and 15%, respectively

Estudos de Solos do Município de Aceguá, RS

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Acceptance of dishes based on mechanically separated meat of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in a public school, Brazil.

In Brazil, due to economic and social factors, public policies are needed to grant access to quality nutrition in school. This provision should respect the local food culture; however, in the North, the region with the highest production of inland fisheries, fish consumption among students is still very low. The aim of the present study is to characterize Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) MSM, suggest planned school dishes based on this MSM and assesses their acceptability among students at the elementary and high school levels in northern Brazil. The study was carried out over one month and was a quantitative (hedonic scale and leftover/intake index) and qualitative research about preference. The participants were 120 elementary- and high-school students chosen randomly after they were authorized by their parents or legal guardians. Fish-based dishes were inserted in the diet of schoolchildren and their acceptability was evaluated. The children were also inquired about their fish consumption routines. The statistical analyses used were frequency tables and chi-squared independence test associated with Fisher?s exact test. Two dishes were well accepted by the students; however, the results showed that fish acceptance among younger students are higher than among adolescents. So, policies that promote fish intake and a healthy lifestyle must be stimulated since the early grades

Silagem de milho safrinha com níveis crescentes de forragem de guandu.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de adição de guandu na composição bromatológica da silagem de milho safrinha. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. O corte das forrageiras para ensilagem foi realizado a 20 cm do nível do solo. Os silos experimentais utilizados eram de PVC com 10 cm de diâmetro e 50 cm de comprimento, com capacidade para 2,50 kg de silagem (600 kg m-3 ). As silagens foram analisadas quanto às variáveis: pH, proteína bruta (PB), FDA e NDT. Os resultados demonstram que para os quatro níveis de adição de guandu (10%, 20%, 30% e 40%) na silagem de milho, o pH ficou dentro da faixa adequada, de 3,8 a 4,2. O teor de PB variou de 9,05% a 15,08%, do nível 0 a 40% de inclusão de guandu na silagem de milho. Para FDA e NDT, o nível de 10% de inclusão de guandu proporciona silagem semelhante à de milho puro. A inclusão de forragem de guandu até o nível de 20% é uma alternativa indicada para a melhoria do valor nutritivo da silagem de milho. [Maize silage with increasing proportions of Cajanus cajan cv. Mandarim forage] Abstract: Goal of the work was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of added Cajanus cajan cv. Mandarim forage over nutritional composition of inter-seasonal maize silage (in Brazil called . Experimental design was random blocks with four repetitions. Plants for silage were harvested 20 cm above soil. Experimental silos were PVC tubes with 10 cm diameter and 50 cm lenght, bearing 2.50 kg silage which (600 kg m-3 ). Variables analized were: pH, crude protein (CP), ADF and TDN. Results showed that for the four Cajanus addition levels (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) in the maize silage, pH kept within normal range (3.8 to 4.2). PB content varied from 9.05% to 15.08%, from 0 to 40% Cajanus proportion in the silage. For ADF and TDN, 10% Cajanus inclusion level resulted in silage similar to plain maize, while above 20% silage quality might be compromised. Therefore, inclusion of up to 20% Cajanus forage showed to be a recommendable alternative to improve maize silage nutritional valu

Factors controlling spatio-temporal variation in carbon dioxide efflux from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter at four rain forest sites in the eastern Amazon

[1] This study explored biotic and abiotic causes for spatio-temporal variation in soil respiration from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter over one year at four rain forest sites with different vegetation structures and soil types in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Estimated mean annual soil respiration varied between 13-17 t C ha(-1) yr(-1), which was partitioned into 0-2 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) from litter, 6-9 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) from roots, and 5-6 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) from soil organic matter. Litter contribution showed no clear seasonal change, though experimental precipitation exclusion over a one-hectare area was associated with a ten-fold reduction in litter respiration relative to unmodified sites. The estimated mean contribution of soil organic matter respiration fell from 49% during the wet season to 32% in the dry season, while root respiration contribution increased from 42% in the wet season to 61% during the dry season. Spatial variation in respiration from soil, litter, roots, and soil organic matter was not explained by volumetric soil moisture or temperature. Instead, spatial heterogeneity in litter and root mass accounted for 44% of observed spatial variation in soil respiration (p < 0.001). In particular, variation in litter respiration per unit mass and root mass accounted for much of the observed variation in respiration from litter and roots, respectively, and hence total soil respiration. This information about patterns of, and underlying controls on, respiration from different soil components should assist attempts to accurately model soil carbon dioxide fluxes over space and time