TAXATION-FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION-POWERS OF APPOINTMENT ACT OF 1951

It is the purpose of this comment to trace the history of Congress\u27 treatment of powers of appointment in the past and to examine the latest legislative pronouncement, the Powers of Appointment Act of 1951

The Role of Hindu Scripture in Salvation

In this paper we reflect on the role of scripture in salvation in Hinduism and Christianity. We all know that differences among various Hindu scripturologies are severe and profound. Diversities of understandings of the nature and role of scripture in salvation abound no less within the various Christian traditions. There is no Hindu consensus regarding the scripture\u27s role in salvation. Even within orthodox Hinduism the differences on this theme are fundamental. For instance. the Vedanta of Sankara reads the Vedas as descriptive of Brahman, the knowledge and realization of which constitutes moksa which Sankara equates with meta-material, meta-social, pure being. The Mimarhsa of Kumarila Bhatta reads the same authoritative texts as primarily injunctive, providing the impetus for those ritual and moral actions which eventuate in the attainment of svarga

Representations of Time Coordinates in FITS

In a series of three previous papers, formulation and specifics of the representation of World Coordinate Transformations in FITS data have been presented. This fourth paper deals with encoding time. Time on all scales and precisions known in astronomical datasets is to be described in an unambiguous, complete, and self-consistent manner. Employing the well--established World Coordinate System (WCS) framework, and maintaining compatibility with the FITS conventions that are currently in use to specify time, the standard is extended to describe rigorously the time coordinate. World coordinate functions are defined for temporal axes sampled linearly and as specified by a lookup table. The resulting standard is consistent with the existing FITS WCS standards and specifies a metadata set that achieves the aims enunciated above.Comment: FITS WCS Paper IV: Time. 27 pages, 11 table

Tests of a multichannel photometer based on silicon diode detectors

A breadboard photometer was constructed that demonstrates a precision of 2 times 10 to the 4th power in the laboratory and scintillation-limited performance when used with an 0.5 m aperture telescope. Because the detectors and preamps are not cooled, only stars with m sub v approx. less than 4 are bright enough to allow the photometer to attain a precision of 1 times 10 to the 3rd power for three minute observations with an 0.5 m aperature telescope. Cooling the telescope should allow much fainter stars to be observed. Increasing the aperture of the telescope will allow higher precision and the observation of fainter stars

Role of iron in the tubulo-interstitial injury in nephrotoxic serum nephritis

Role of iron in the tubulo-interstitial injury in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. We studied the possibility that tubule fluid iron could be involved in the pathogenesis of the tubulo-interstitial injury associated with primary glomerular disease. Tubule fluid iron is determined by the magnitude of the glomerular leak for transferrin and the iron saturation of transferrin. To minimize tubule fluid iron in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis, iron deficiency was induced in rats prior to the induction of nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Iron deficiency did not effect the development of glomerular disease as determined by proteinuria, but had a marked effect on preventing the development of tubulo-interstitial disease and renal functional deterioration. There was also a strong correlation between the amount of functional deterioration and extent of tubulo-interstitial disease and urinary iron excretion in both the control and iron deficient animals. It is proposed that injury results from iron being dissociated from transferrin at the more acid pH of the tubule fluid. Iron, a transition element, is able to catalyze the Haber-Weiss reaction with the formation of free hydroxyl radicals which causes renal tubule cell injury. This tubulo-interstitial injury is the major determinate of progressive renal functional deterioration in this experimental model of glomerulonephritis

Photometry using the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope

We present several corrections for point source photometry to be applied to data from the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. These corrections are necessary because of characteristics of the IRAC arrays and optics and the way the instrument is calibrated in-flight. When these corrections are applied, it is possible to achieve a ~2% relative photometric accuracy for sources of adequate signal to noise in an IRAC image.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacifi

Where Do Cooling Flows Cool?

Although only about 5 percent of the total baryonic mass in luminous elliptical galaxies is in the form of cooled interstellar gas, it is concentrated within the optical effective radius r_e where it influences the local dynamical mass. The mass of cooled gas must be spatially distributed since it greatly exceeds the masses of central black holes. We explore here the proposition that a population of low mass, optically dark stars is created from the cooled gas. We consider a wide variety of radial distributions for the interstellar cooling, but only a few are consistent with observed X-ray surface brightness profiles. In a region of concentrated interstellar cooling, the X-ray emission can exceed that observed, suggesting the presence of additional support by magnetic stresses or non-thermal pressure. In general we find that the mass of cooled gas contributes significantly to stellar dynamical mass to light ratios which vary with galactic radius. If the stars formed from cooled interstellar gas are optically luminous, their influence on the the mass to light ratio would be reduced. The mass of cooled gas inside r_e is sensitive to the rate that old stars lose mass, which is nearly independent of the initial mass function of the old stellar population.Comment: 18 pages with 6 figures; accepted by Astrophysical Journa