Molybdenum (VI) imido complexes derived from chelating phenols : Synthesis, characterization and ɛ-Caprolactone ROP capability

Reaction of the bulky bi-phenols 2,2′-RCH[4,6-(t-Bu)₂C₆H₂OH]₂ (R = Me L¹ᵐᵉH₂, Ph L¹ᵖʰH₂) with the bis(imido) molybdenum(VI) tert-butoxides [Mo(NR¹)(NR²)(Ot-Bu)₂] (R¹ = R² = 2,6-C₆H₃-i-Pr₂; R¹ = t-Bu, R² = C₆F₅) afforded, following the successive removal of tert-butanol, the complexes [Mo(NC₆H₃ᵢ-Pr₂-2,6)₂L¹ᵐᵉ] (1), [Mo(NC₆H₃i-Pr₂-2,6)₂L¹ᵖʰ] (2) and [Mo(Nt-Bu)(μ-NC₆F₅)(L¹ᵐᵉ)]₂ (3). Similar use of the tri-phenol 2,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol (L²H₃) with [Mo(NC₆H₃ᵢ-Pr₂-2,6)₂(Ot-Bu)₂] afforded the oxo-bridged product [Mo(NC₆H₃i-Pr₂-2,6)(NCMe)(μ-O)L2H]₂ (4), whilst use of the tetra-phenols α,α,α′,α′-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-p- or -m-xylene L³ᵖH₄/L³ᵐH₄ led to {[Mo(NC₆H₃ᵢ-Pr₂-2,6)₂]₂(μ-L³ᵖ)} (5) or {[Mo(NC₆H₃ᵢ-Pr₂-2,6)₂]₂(μ-L³ᵐ)} (6), respectively. Similar use of [Mo(NC₆F₅)₂(Ot-Bu)₂] with L³ᵖH₄ afforded, after work-up, the complex {[Mo(NC₆F₅)(Ot-Bu)₂]₂(μ-L³ᵖ)}·6MeCN (7·6MeCN). Molecular structures of 1, 2·CH₂Cl₂, 3, 4·6MeCN, 6·2C₆H₁₄, and 7·6MeCN are reported and these complexes have been screened for their ability to ring open polymerize (ROP) ε-caprolactone; for comparative studies the precursor complex [Mo(NC₆H₃ᵢ-Pr₂-2,6)₂Cl₂(DME)] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) has also been screened. Results revealed that good activity is only achievable at temperatures of ≥100 °C over periods of 1 h or more. Polymer polydispersities were narrow, but observed molecular weights (Mn) were much lower than calculated values

Kiss And Make Up

Illustration of man and woman embracing; Photograph of Edward Meikle in lower left cornerhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/7721/thumbnail.jp

Tetraphenolate niobium and tantalum complexes for the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone

Reaction of the pro-ligand α,α,α′,α′-tetra(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl-p-)xylene-para-tetraphenol (p-L¹H₄) with two equivalents of [NbCl₅] in refluxing toluene afforded, after work-up, the complex {[NbCl₃(NCMe)]₂(μ-p-L¹)}·6MeCN (1·6MeCN). When the reaction was conducted in the presence of excess ethanol, the orange complex {[NbCl₂(OEt)(NCMe)]₂(μ-p-L¹)}·3½MeCN·0.614toluene (2·3½MeCN·0.614toluene) was formed. A similar reaction using [TaCl₅] afforded the yellow complex {[TaCl₂(OEt)(NCMe)]₂(μ-p-L¹)}·5MeCN (3·5MeCN). In the case of the meta pro-ligand, namely α,α,α′,α′tetra(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl-m-)xylene-meta-tetraphenol (m-L²H₄) only the use of [Nb(O)Cl₃(NCMe)₂] led to the isolation of crystalline material, namely the orange bis-chelate complex {[Nb(NCMe)Cl(m-L²H₂)₂]}·3½MeCN (4·3½MeCN) or {[Nb(NCMe)Cl(m-L²H₂)₂]}·5MeCN (4·5MeCN). The molecular structures of 1–4 and the tetraphenols L¹H₄ and m-L²H₄·2MeCN have been determined. Complexes 1–4 have been screened as pre-catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, both with and without benzyl alcohol or solvent present, and at various temperatures; conversion rates were mostly excellent (>96%) with good control either at >100 °C over 20 h (in toluene) or 1 h (neat)

Sustainable refugee migration:a rethink towards a positive capability approach

A major challenge facing many countries around the world is how to sustainably address the issues of increased numbers of refugee migrants. The refugee migrant “issue” is often heavily political as a high density of migrants in local areas impacts communities (e.g., disrupting local employment, service and culture). Different migrants come with different “baggage” and needs which can be a significant draw on the hosting communities’ resources. This paper argues that sustainable long-term solutions to refugee migrants will require a rethink to the existing dominant models of containment and charity. The paper draws upon insights from a study of a large refugee camp in Jordan over a three-and-a-half-year period, and historical cases of refugee migration. The paper presents a sustainable model that develops long-term capability for the various stakeholder groups

Multimetallic lithium complexes derived from the acids Ph₂C(X)CO₂H (X = OH, NH₂) : synthesis, structure and ring opening polymerization of lactides and lactones

Reaction of LiOR (R=t-Bu, Ph) with the acids 2,2/-Ph₂C(X)(CO₂H), X=OH (benzH), NH₂ (dpgH) was investigated. For benzH, one equivalent LiOt-Bu in THF afforded [Li(benz)]2⋅2THF (1⋅2THF), which adopts a 1D chain structure. If acetonitrile is used (mild conditions), another polymorph of 1 is isolated; LiOPh also led to 1. Robust work-up afforded [Li₇(benz)₇(MeCN)] 2MeCN THF (2⋅2MeCN⋅THF). Use of LiOt-Bu (2 equivalents) led to {Li₈(Ot-Bu)₂[(benz)](OCPh₂CO₂CPh₂CO2t-Bu)₂(THF)₄} (3), the core of which comprises two open cubes linked by benz ligands. For dpgH, two equivalents of LiOt-Bu in THF afforded [Li6(Ot-Bu)₂(dpg)₂(THF)₂] (4), which contains an Li₂Ov 6-step ladder. Similar reaction of LiOPh afforded [Li₈(PhO)₄(dpg)₄(MeCN)₄] (5). Complexes 1–5 were screened for their potential as catalysts for ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL), rac-lactide (rac-LA) and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL). For ROP of ϵ-CL, conversions > 70 % were achievable at 110 °C with good control. For rac-LA and δ-VL, temperatures of at least 110 °C over 12 h were necessary for activity (conversions > 60 %). Systems employing 2 were inactiv

Vanadium(v) phenolate complexes for ring opening homo- and co-polymerisation of ε-caprolactone, L-lactide and rac-lactide

The vanadyl complexes [VO(OtBu)L¹ ] (1) and {[VO(OiPr)]₂ (μ-p-L²ᵖ)} (2) {[VO(OR)]₂ (μ-p-L²ᵐ )} (R = iPr 3, tBu 4) have been prepared from [VO(OR)₃ ] (R = nPr, iPr or tBu) and the respective phenol, namely 2,2′-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (L¹ H₂ ) or α,α,α′,α′-tetra(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl–p/m-)xylene-para-tetraphenol (L2p/mH₄). For comparative studies, the known complexes [VO(μ-OnPr)L¹]₂ (I), [VOL³ ]₂ (II) (L³H₃ = 2,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-tert-butylphenol) were prepared. An imido complex {[VCl(Np-tolyl)(NCMe)]₂(μ-p-L²ᵖ)} (5) has been prepared following work-up from [V(Np-tolyl)Cl₃ ], L²ᵖH₄ and Et₃ N. The molecular structures of complexes 1–5 are reported. Complexes 1–5 and I and II have been screened for their ability to ring open polymerise ε-caprolactone, L-lactide or rac-lactide with and without solvent present. The co-polymerization of ε-caprolactone with L-lactide or rac-lactide afforded co-polymers with low lactide content; the reverse addition was ineffective

Development of innovative cross-disciplinary engineering showcase

The development of engineering education relies substantially on interactive showcases and practical knowledge. The cross-disciplinary engineering showcase is designed to be fully interactive by having user input, producing a tangible output, and to understand distinct elements from each of the engineering disciplines such as, civil, mechanical and electrical (CME). The showcase operates from the input of mechanical rotational energy by the user pedalling the exercycle. Mechanical energy is then transferred to the pump via a gear train, which converts the user input of 30 rpm to the optimal pump operating speed of 2900 rpm. Further, it is used to pump water from the lower eservoir to the upper reservoir via one of the three flow paths, which the user can select by opening or closing flow valves. Once the water reaches a given height, it then flows back to the lower reservoir via a micro-hydro generator. As a result, it generates electrical energy stored in a power bank that can be used by the user to charge a digital device. Also, the showcase has a QR code to digital media, which will provide an additional explanation/exposition of the presented engineering principles to the user/students. The aim of this project is to develop a cross- disciplinary engineering showcase to enhance student learnings by interpreting the CME engineering principles in schools, institutes, and universities