A Comparative Study of Turbulence Models on Aerodynamics Characteristics of a NACA0012 Airfoil

This paper presented a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of air flow past a 2D model NACA0012 airfoil at high Reynolds number (Re = 3.0 x 106) at various angles of attack (-10° to 15°). The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed around the airfoil by solving the steady state governing equations of continuity and momentum conservation that are combined with one of three turbulence models Spalart-Allmaras, Realizable k-ε and k-ω shear stress transport (SST). It is observed that the Realizable k- ε eliminates the small separation bubble on the upper surface of the airfoil and delaying separation flow.  Also, for the lift coefficient, CL and drag coefficient, CD investigated in this paper, the predicted data have good agreement with other published data

Public Participation Process at Local Government Administration: A Case Study of the Seremban Municipal Council, Malaysia

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to showcase the level of public participation in local government program. In order to explore the actual dimensions of public participation practice, survey sessions were conducted at the Seremban Municipal Council (MPS) including secondary data collection from the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. Public participation in decision making shows a more transparent administration and it is crucial for the successful implementation of national development plans. The research outcome is significant in filling the knowledge gap on public participation in the local government administration in Malaysia as well as perspectives from a developing nation

Effect of cooking temperatures on protein hydrolysates and sensory quality in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) soup

Cooking methods have a significant impact on flavour compounds in fish soup. The effects of cooking temperatures (55, 65, 75, 85, 95, and 100 C) on sensory properties and protein hydrolysates were studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) soup. The results showed that the soup prepared at 85 C had the best sensory quality in color, flavour, amour, and soup pattern. Cooking temperature had significant influence on the hydrolysis of proteins in the soup showed by SDS-PAGE result. The contents of water soluble nitrogen (WSN) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) increased with the cooking temperature, but the highest contents of total peptides and total free amino acids (FAA) were obtained at the cooking temperature of 85 C. The highest contents of umami-taste active amino acid and branched-chain amino acids were also observed in the 85 C sample. In conclusion, a cooking temperature of 85 C was preferred for more excellent flavor and higher nutritional value of crucian carp soup

10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation Based on Lipid Profile-Based and BMI-Based Framingham Risk Scores across Multiple Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Malaysian Cohort Project

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) leads to high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of CVD across the sociodemographic factors to strategize preventive measures. The current study consisted of 53,122 adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years from The Malaysian Cohort project during recruitment phase from year 2006 to year 2012. Sociodemographic profile and physical activity level were assessed via self-reported questionnaire, whereas relevant CVD-related biomarkers and biophysical variables were measured to determine the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The main outcome was the 10-year risk of CVD via FRS calculated based on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) associated formulae. The BMI-based formula yielded a higher estimation of 10-year CVD risk than the lipid profile-based formula in the study for both males (median = 13.2% and 12.7%, respectively) and females (median = 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively). The subgroup with the highest risk for 10-year CVD events (based on both FRS formulae) was the Malay males who have lower education level and low physical activity level. Future strategies for the reduction of CVD risk should focus on screening via BMI-based FRS in this at-risk subpopulation to increase the cost-effectiveness of the prevention initiatives