SMALL DOSES OF MORPHINE AND INTAKE OF WATER

Rats deprived of water for 19 h were given an opportunity to drink water for 30 min and for another 4.5 h. Prior to drinking, rats were injected with saline or morphine (1.0 mg/kg) to test whether morphine’s effects persisted when given day after day. Surprisingly, we did not observe that morphine enhanced drinking. Subsequently, when rats were deprived of water for 23.5 h, morphine still did not increase intake. When we continued testing, with a demonstration replicating an experiment in which morphine increased drinking and with other demonstrations, it became apparent that small doses of morphine do not always enhance intake of water

AN OVERVIEW OF PARENT TRAINING AND COUNSELING WITH THE PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES AND AUTISM IN TURKEY

Parents are significant contributors to the development of their children. They are the primary caretakers, managers, behavior models, disciplinarians, and agents of socialization and change for their children. It is accepted that parents can be trained as effective teachers of their children with disabilities. In Turkey, there are very limited opportunities, services, schools, parent education and support services for children with disabilities and their parents. Therefore, we have been carrying out studies to contribute to the understanding of the parents, specifically, on how a child with a disability affects their life and bow they can be trained to become co-teachers and co-therapists. These studies are reviewed here

Changes in the global self-concept of women through physical fitness training and group counseling

The purpose was to test whether physical fitness training combined with group counseling was more effective for enhancing self-concept of women university Students than counseling, fitness training, or a control condition. 68 women students (M-age = 21.1 yr., SD = 15) voluntarily participated. The physical fitness group, the group counseling group, the physical fitness training combined with group counseling group, and the lecture control group were formed by the Students of two intact classes, General Physical Conditioning and Sports and Exercise Psychology. The Tennessee Self-concept Scale was administered before and after the 10-wk. treatments. A Treatment x Time (4 x 2) analysis of variance with repeated measures yielded significant time effects for global self-concept (p < .05). No significant treatment by time interaction or treatment effect were obtained for the global self-concept