Concept of Mahagad in Ayurveda w.s.r. to Bhagandara (Fistula-In-Ano)

In Samhitas many concepts are explained as Leshokta (incompletely explained) or they have Linartha i.e. concept is not elaborated or proper meaning is difficult to understand. So there is a need to explore such concept to understand the vision of Ayurveda. The term ‘Mahagada’ is used as ‘Visheshana (attribute)’ for few diseases in various Ayurvedic Samhitas. Original Samhitas shows very little information regarding the term ‘Mahagada’. The concept of ‘Mahagada’ is useful to decide prognosis of diseases. Mahagada is a group of diseases having incurability, primarily due to development of complications. The conceptual study shows belief of ancient Ayurvedic Acharyas regarding concept of Mahagada and clinical survey was done to support the concept. On the basis of collected data, efforts were made to throw light on the concept of Mahagada

Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of a Bioactive Polyphenolic Fraction Isolated from the Brewing Process

There is increasing interest in identifying natural bioactive compounds that can improve mitochondrial functionality and regulate apoptosis. The brewery industry generates wastewater that could yield a natural extract containing bioactive phenolic compounds. Polyphenols act as antioxidants and have been documented to protect the human body from degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases or cancer. The main aims of our research were to determine the phenolic profile of a crude extract obtained (at pilot scale) from a brewery waste stream and to evaluate the biochemical activity of this extract on the mitochondrial function of a cancer cell line (SH-SY5Y). This work is a basic translational pilot study. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, which revealed that 2.30% of the extract consisted of phenolic compounds. The polyphenols, identified and quantified by reverse-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS), were mainly flavonoids. After cell culture, the tumoral cells treated with the polyphenolic extract showed enhanced mitochondrial oxidative function, which is likely related to a decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. This type of brewery waste stream, properly treated, may be a promising source of natural antioxidants to replace the synthetic antioxidants currently used in the food industry

Chemical vapour deposition of diamond on stainless steel: the effect of Ni-diamond composite coated buffer layer

Diamond films were grown on nickel and nickel-diamond composite coated stainless steel substrates using microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies give clear evidence for the growth of diamond on buffer layered substrates. XRD results further suggest that after CVD treatment the interface nickel (a = 3.522 Angstrom) shows an increase in the lattice constant (a = 3.563 Angstrom). The unit cell expansion can be attributed to the formation of the Ni-C solid solution phase. The new unit cell parameter of Ni match closely with diamond (a = 3.566 Angstrom). In addition, the embedded diamond particles assist in faster nucleation and growth of the diamond crystallites on composite coated substrates. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A

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Not AvailableTHE HYDROLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF TWO SMALL IDENTICAL WATERSHEDS ; ONE WITH NATURAL GRASSLAND AND "SHOLA" FOREST AND THE OTHER WITH EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS ( BLUEGUM) PLANTATION WAS STUDIED FROM 1968 TO 1992 FOLLOWING THE PAIRED WATERSHED TECHNIQUE IN THE NILGIRIS IN WESTERN GHATS OF SOUTH INDIA. FOLLOWING THE CALIBRATION PERIOD FROM 1968-71, BLUEGUM PLANTATION WAS RAISED IN 59% AREA OF A WATERSHED ABOVE THE FROST LINE DURING 1972 AND IT WAS FELLED AFTER FIRST ROTATION OF THE COPPICED BLUEGUM. REGRESSION AND DOUBLE MASS CURVE TECHNIQUES WERE EMPLOYED TO ANALYSE THE STREAMFLOW DATA TO DETERMINE CHANGES IN WATER YIELDS. FLOW DURATION CURVES AND LOW FLOW INDEX ( LFI) WERE USED TO QUANTIFY THE EFFECT OF BLUEGUM ON LOW FLOW REGIME. EFFECT OF BLUEGUM ON HIGH FLOWS WAS INVESTIGATED USING SIMPLE RATIOS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS,CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY PLOTS AND PROBABILITY ANALYSIS. GROWTH PARAMETERS OF GRASSLAND AND BLUEGUM PLANTATION WERE ALSO STUDIED. CONVERSION OF NATURAL GRASSLAND INTO BLUEGUM PLANTATION REDUCED SEASONAL AND ANNUAL WATER YIELDS, DECREASED LOW FLOW AS WELL AS DECREASED PEAK FLOWS AND INCREASED SOIL MOISTURE LOSSES. THESE EFFECTS WERE MORE PRONOUNCED DURING THE SECOND ROTATION I.E FIRST COPPICED GROWTH AS COMPARED TO THE FIRST ROTATION.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INTENSITIES OF GRAZING BY GOATS ON VEGETATION COVER, RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS IN A FOREST WATERSHED IN YAMUNA RAVINES HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED. THE STUDY SHOWED THAT DIRECT CONTINUOUS GRAZING OF 4 GOATS/ha IN A RAVINE WATERSHED PROTECTED BY 20 YEARS OLD FORESTS AND GULLY HAS NO ADVERSE EFFECTS ON PROTECTIVE CHARACTERS OF VEGETATION AS WELL AS ON RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED. ON THE OTHER HAND , IT PRODUCED ABOUT 1.65 kg/goat /month OF LIVE BODY WEIGHT , CORRESPONDING TO ABOUT RS 1600ha/annum.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA WATERSHED OF 7.3 ha AT AGRA WAS PLANNED WITH TREES AND GRASSES IN 1961 AND PROTECTED SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH 18 GULLY PLUGS EQUIPPED WITH A TRIANGULAR WEIR AND AN AUTOMATIC WATER STAGE LEVEL RECORDER FOR MONITORING SOIL AND WATER LOSSES. IT IS INFERRED THAT UNDER DIRECT CONDITIONS GRAZING OF 4 GOATS/HA IN A RAVINE WATERSHED PROTECTED BY 20 YEARS OLD FOREST AND 2-3 GULLY PLUGS PER HA NO ADVERSE EFFECTS ON PROTECTIVE CHARACTERS OF VEGETATION AS WELL AS ON RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED. ON THE OTHER HAND , IT PRODUCED ABOUT 1.65 GOAT/MONTH OF LIVE BODY WEIGHT , CORRESPONDING TO ABOUT RS 1600 ha/annum.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMutagenesis involving ionizing radiations have been extensively used for development of genetic and breeding resources with novel characteristics. Genetic variability in fennel for agronomically important traits is low. Thus this study was aimed at generating genetic variability in Rajasthan Fennel-125 variety of fennel using the most potent physical mutagen i.e. gamma rays. The seeds were exposed to different doses of gamma rays (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 Gy). The M1 and subsequent M2 generations were raised in the field. In M2 generation, large numbers of morphological mutants were identified. Observations were recorded in each of selected putative mutants in M2 generation (from seedling to harvesting stage). Many of the selected variants showed comparatively slow growth and variation in chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll variegation involved either whole plant or was restricted to part of leaves. In chlorophyll mutants, the leaf colour ranged from yellow to pure white. Huge variability was also observed with respect to plant height in selected variants. The selected putative mutants showed variation in flowering time, number of primary branches, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel and days to maturity. Though plant yield in many of the mutants were low in comparison to the parents, the ideotype of the variants were good with respect to plant height and branching pattern. Many of the hitherto indentified mutants exhibited yield superiority over the parent. The identified variants would be further evaluated for their superiority and the breeding nature in M3 & M4 generation to ascertain the nature of mutation.Not Availabl