Locally advanced and recurrent cancer

A successful treatment of locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer is based on the responsibility of the surgeon to perform a radical resection. Planning of treatment starts with imaging with a pelvic MRI and a CT scan of chest and the abdomen. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation is given to achieve downstaging and downsizing. After a waiting period of at least 6 weeks, a total mesorectal excision is performed with often an extra-anatomical extension based on the initial imaging. Reconstruction using several types of pedicled flaps is often necessary to close the defect of the pelvic floor.</p

High-quality surface passivation obtained by high-rate deposited silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and amorphous silicon using the versatile expanding thermal plasma technique

The expanding thermal plasma (ETP) is a novel plasma technique currently used by several solar cell manufacturers for the deposition of silicon nitride antireflection coatings on (multi-) crystalline silicon solar cells. In this paper we will show that the ETP technique is versatile and can be used for the deposition of silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and hydrogenated amorphous silicon with a good level of surface passivation. In this way the ETP technique can meet the future PV demands with respect to the decrease in wafer thickness and the use of n-type material that requires good electrical and optical quality thin films at both the front and the back side of the solar cel

High-rate deposition of silicon nitride and silicon oxide films for surface passivation and (anti)reflection coating applications

In order to increase the cost-effectiveness of crystalline silicon solar cells, surface passivation and internal reflection at the back surface will become increasingly important. To keep processing times sufficiently short, it would be favorable if high-rate PECVD layers could satisfy both means. In this paper we will present that both high quality silicon nitride films and silicon oxide films can be deposited by means of the expanding thermal plasma technique which is employed in the commercially available DEPx system of OTB Solar. Consequently, both the front and back surface of a high-efficiency solar cell can be optimized while keeping processing times sufficiently low

Surveillance of pathogens in the Netherlands - Detailed characterization of pathogens which are relevant for the public health

Increased surveillance of pathogens may for strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases cause a considerable burden of disease the Netherlands. Detailed characterization of pathogens will yield insight in changes of the pathogen itself, in changes in transmission patterns, and in changes in virulence and resistance. Therefore it is necessary to determine which pathogens should be studied, to what level of detail, and how they should be collected. In this report , the bacteria, viruses and parasites that give the the greatest burden of disease or present the greatest risk for the public health have been described in a standardized way. Several pathogens emerge from this study for which an increase in collection and characterization is desirable. Examples are: 1) Human papillomavirus, to improve assessment of the potential vaccine efficacy. 2) Influenza virus, to better characterize resistance to antiviral drugs. 3) Bordetella pertusis (whooping cough), to detect population changes that can influence vaccine efficacy. 4) Meticillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to reduce delays in contact-source tracing and containment. The pathogen surveillance in the Netherlands will be intensified on basis of this report. This enhanced surveillance will be executed in close co-operation with the peripheral microbiological laboratories.Verdere intensivering van de analyse van pathogenen in Nederland is nodig om preventie en bestrijding van infectieziekten te verbeteren. Infectieziekten veroorzaken een aanzienlijke ziektelast in Nederland. Daarnaast gaat van infectieziekten ook een grote dreiging uit voor de openbare gezondheidszorg. Detailkarakterisering van pathogenen geeft inzicht in mogelijke veranderingen van de pathogeen zelf, zoals veranderde virulentie of resistentie. Daarnaast levert het ook inzicht in mogelijk veranderde transmissieroutes. Wel is het noodzakelijk om goed af te wegen welke pathogenen gekarakteriseerd moeten worden, tot welk detailniveau, en hoe groot de steekproef van een bepaalde pathogeen moet zijn om een representatief beeld te krijgen. In dit rapport zijn de bacterien, virussen en parasieten die de grootste ziektelast veroorzaken of de grootste bedreiging vormen voor de openbare gezondheidszorg op een gestandariseerde manier beschreven. In deze beschrijving is in het bijzonder aandacht besteed aan de relevantie van de pathogenen voor de openbare gezondheidszorg. Uit deze inventariserende studie komen een aantal pathogenen naar voren waarvan het wenselijk is om die intensiever te verzamelen en te karateriseren. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn: 1) Humaan papillomavirus, om de potentiele vaccineffectiviteit beter te kunnen inschatten. 2) Influenzavirus, om resistentie tegen antivirale middelen beter in kaart te brengen. 3) Bordetella pertusis (kinkhoest), om populatieveranderingen, die mogelijk de vaccineffectiviteit verlagen, beter te kunnen waarnemen. 4) Meticilline resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), om bron-en-contact opsporing en inperkingsmaatregelen te versnellen. Dit rapport zal als basis dienen voor de intensivering van de kiemsurveillance van pathogenen in Nederland, die in samenwerking met de perifere microbiologische laboratoria uitgevoerd zal gaan worden