Composition And Molluscicidal Properties Of Essential Oils From Leaves Of Xylopia Langsdorffiana A. St. Hil. Et Tul. (annonaceae)

The volatile fraction of Xylopia langsdorffiana leaves was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and tested for molluscicidal activity. With this methodology 19 different components were identified in the oil. Among them, germacrene D (22.9%), trans-β-guaiene (22.6%), β-caryophyllene (15.7%), and α-pinene (7.3%) were found to be the major constituents. The oil showed significant molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, with an LC90 value of 5.6 μ.g/mL, which falls below the threshold of 100 μg/mL, set for potential molluscicidal activity by the World Health Organization. © 2007 Allured Publishing Corp.193282284Lardans, V., Dissous, C., Snail control strategies for reduction of schistosomiasis transmission (1998) Parasitol. Today, 14, pp. 413-417Shuhua, X., Chollet, J., Weiss, N.A., Bergquist, R.N., Tanner, M., Preventive effect of artemether in experimental animals Infected with Schistosoma mansoni (2000) Parasital. 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Gastroprotective Mechanisms Of The Chloroform And Ethyl Acetate Phases Of Praxelis Clematidea (griseb.) R.m.king & H.robinson (asteraceae)

Flavonoid-rich Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Robinson (Asteraceae) is a native plant of South America. This study evaluates the gastroprotective activity and possible mechanisms for both the chloroform (CHCl3P) and ethyl acetate phases (AcOEtP) obtained from aerial parts of the plant. The activity was investigated using acute models of gastric ulcer. Gastric secretion biochemical parameters were determined after pylorus ligature. The participation of cytoprotective factors such as mucus, nitric oxide (NO), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), reduction of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level), and polymorphonuclear infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity), was also investigated. CHCl3P (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and AcOEtP (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg) showed significant gastroprotective activity, reducing the ulcerative index by 75, 83, 88 % and 66, 66, 81 % for ethanol; 67, 67, 56 % and 56, 53, 58 % for a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); and 74, 58, 59 % and 64, 65, 61 % for stress-induced gastric ulcer, respectively. CHCl3P (125 mg/kg) and AcOEtP (62.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the ulcerative area by 78 and 83 %, respectively, for the ischemia-reperfusion model. They also did not alter the biochemical parameters of gastric secretion, the GSH level or the activities of SOD, GPx or GR. They increased the quantity of gastric mucus, not dependent on NO, yet dependent on SH groups, and maintained PGE2 levels. 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