The Comparison of Tendency to Risky Behaviour, in Secure/Insecure Attachment in Parents

Introduction: The purpose of the present research was comparing tendency to risky behaviors in secure/insecure attachment in parents (mother/father). Methods:  This research followed by a causal comparative method. The Sample were selected by an available method and was consisted of 340 single people (171 girls and 169 boys) living in Tehran, ranging between 18 and 30 years old. The data were collected via using the Young Adult's Risky Behaviors Scale (Zadeh Mohammadi et al. 2010), and Experience in Close RelationshipsRelationships Structure Questionnaire (Frailyet al. 2011). Descriptive methods of statistics such as mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as Manova was used as well.  Results: The Results showed that those showing insecure attachment patterns towards the mother were significantly higher at risk to become cigarette smokers, drug persuasion, and alcohol drinkers compared to those with secure attachment patterns. Also those showing insecure attachment patterns towards the father were significantly higher at risk to become cigarette smokers, drug persuasion, compared to those with secure attachment patterns. Conclusion: By considering the high-risk behavior in term of attachment, this research demonstrates that secure attachment creates an internal working model that provides compatible guidelines while encountering the stressful events. Declaration of Interest: None.  

Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Quality of Life Kindl Questionnaire for 4-7 Year-Old Children in Iran

How to Cite This Article: Rojhani Shirazi M, Tonekaboni SH, Azargashb E, Derakhshannia M, Aghdasta E. Exploring the Psychometric Properties of The Farsi Version of Quality of Life Kindl Questionnaire for 4-7 Year-Old Children in Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2016; 10(2):42-52.AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Kindl questionnaire.Materials & MethodsParents of 4-7 yr-old healthy and ill children referred to Mofid Children Hospital in Tehran in 2013, Iran were sampled randomly in two groups each of which 130 people. After translation, the questionnaie’s validity and reliability was evaluated and was confirmed for face and content validity. Questionnaire was also completed by two (one healthy and one ill) groups for which inclusion criteria included consent of the parents, age of the children being beween 4 and 7 yr, and presence of the child in a nursery school, kindergarten, school or any class at least for one month. Exclusion criteria were inability of the parents in answering the questions accurately. Inclusion criterion for the ill group was having chronic cardiac, neurologic, hematologic, or respiratory diseases, lasting longer than 3 months for which they were followed up in outpatient clinic in the hospital. The reliability of questionnaire was measured by the Cronbach’s alpha.Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test.ResultsThe reliability was 0.85 and 0.81 in healthy and ill groups, respectively. The results of factor analysis showed that each of eight subscales of questionnaire had acceptable construct validity. Only two of 52 questions of the questionnaire did not have proper correlation coefficient.ConclusionQuality of Life Kindl Questionnaire is a valid and reliable test for assessing healthy and ill children in Iran. References1. The WHOQOL Group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL). Development and psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46:1569-1585.2. Gandek B, Sinclair SJ, Kosinski M, Ware JE Jr. Psychometric evaluation of the SF-36 health survey in Medicare managed care. Health Care Financ Rev 2004; 25(4):5-25.3. DeSalvo KB, Bloser N, Reynolds K, He J, Muntner P. J. Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis. Gen Intern Med 2006; 21(3):267-75.4. Conolly MA, & Johnson JA. Measuring quality of life in paediatric patients. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 16,605–25.5. Eiser C, Morse R. The measurement of quality of life in children: past and future perspectives. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2001; 22,248 –56.6. Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M. Manual KINDL-R 2000; Hamburg, Germany. 7. Ravens-Sieberer U. Quality of Life Kindl Questionnaire. Available at: http://kindl.org/cms/information. 8. Spilker B. Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven; 1996.9. Lovas K, Kalo Z, McKenna SP, Whalley D, Péntek M, Genti G. Establishing a standard for patient-completed instrument adaptations in Eastern Europe: Experience with the Nottingham Health Profile in Hungary. Health Policy 2003; 63(1):49–61.10. Bullinger M, von Mackensen S, Kirchberger I. KINDL –Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität von Kindern. Sonderdruck Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 1994; 1:64-77.11. Asano M, Sugiura T, Miura K, Torii S, Ishiguro A. Reliability and validity of the self-report Quality of Life Questionnaire for Japanese School-age Children with Asthma (JSCA-QOL v.3). Allergy Int 2006; 55(1):59-65.12. Yaghmaei, F. Designing and measuring the psychometric properties of “Quality of Life scale for the Children suffering from Asthma”. Journal of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing & Midwifery 2009; 20(68):32-36. 13. El Miedany, YM, Youssef SS, El Gaafary M. Cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire for measuring functional status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21(3):387–393