Evaluation of 19 provenances of Calliandra calothyrsus at Gairo and SUA Farm, Morogoro, Tanzania: scientific paper

Performance evaluation was conducted among nineteen provenances of Calliandra calothyrsus from meso-America, Indonesia and Tanzania. Two trials were established in February and March, 1996 at Gairo (8 provenances) and Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Farm (17 provenances) in Morogoro, Tanzania. Assessment was carried out at 3, 6, 14, 27, and 41 months for survival, root collar diameter and height. Biomass production was assessed during the last assessment occasion at SUA Farm (27 months after planting) and for Gairo at 27 and 41 months after planting respectively. At 27 months, when final assessment was done at SUA Farm, survival ranged from 33.3% (Lushoto Arboretum and Babati provenances) to 91.7% (Gracie Rock provenance). Above ground biomass production ranged from 4.81 to 17.26 t/ha for provenances Lushoto Arboretum and San Ramon respectively. When final assessment was done at Gairo site 41 months after planting, survival ranged from 50% for Apic Apac provenance to 75.0% for Fortuna and Cofradia provenances. Above ground biomass production ranged from 12.60 to 22.35 t/ ha for Apic Apac and Fortuna provenances respectively. Analysis of leaf samples showed low variation in N and P leaf contents for the provenances studied (ranges 1.35-2.50 N% and 0.09-0.18 P%). Based on the findings from this study, provenances Union Juarez, San Ramon, Bandug, Bombana and Flores are recommended for the SUA farm site and Fortuna, Cofradia, Bandung and San Miguel for the Gairo site. Southern African Forestry Journal No.194 2002: 15-2

Growth performance of lesser-known Leucaena species/provenances at Gairo inland plateau, Morogoro, Tanzania

Growth performance and psyllid resistance was studied among nineteen lesser- known Leucaena species/ provenances at Gairo inland plateau, Morogoro, Tanzania. Assessment was done at irregular intervals for survival, root collar diameter and diameter at 30 cm above the ground, height, diameter at breast height, multiple stems production, biomass and psyllid resistance. Final assessment of these tree attributes was done at 37 months after planting, while psyllid resistance was assessed at 9 and 37 months after planting. During the final assessment occasion, height ranged from 2.69 m for L. collinsii Ex. Chiapas to 4.87 m for L. diversifolia Ex. Veracruz. Diameter at breast height (Dbh) ranged from 2.26 cm for L. shannonnii Ex. Chiapas to 4.93 cm for L. diversifolia Ex.Veracruz, while multiple stems production ranged from 2709 stems ha-1 for L. pulverulenta Ex. Tamaulipas to 7135 stems ha-1 for L. leucocephala Ex. Morogoro and untransformed survival ranged from 43.75% for L. pulverulenta Ex. Tamaulipas to 100% for L. diversifolia Ex. Veracruz. Total wood biomass production ranged from 3.74 t/ha for L. shannonnii Ex. Chiapas to 15.61 t/ha for L. diversifolia Ex. Veracruz. The study has shown that species/ provenances differ significantly in survival, diameter, height growth, psyllid resistance, multiple stem production and biomass production. Based on these findings, provenances L. diversifolia Batch (15551), L. diversifolia Ex. Mexico, L. diversifolia Ex. Veracruz and L. pallida Ex. Oaxaca are recommended for Gairo and similar sites. Keywords: Lesser-known Leucaena, survival, growth, biomass production and psyllid resistance No Abstract. Southern African Forestry Journal Vol. 208, 2006: 53-6

Effect of Nursery practices on seedling survival and growth of selected Miombo tree species, Morogoro, Tanzania

No Abstract.Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (1&2) 2007: pp. 122-13

Stand biomass and volume estimation for Miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo, Morogoro, Tanzania : research note

Tree volume and biomass equations developed for Kitulangalo area in Morogoro, Tanzania ignored small branches and small trees. Consequently, this study was carried out to develop new individual tree volume and biomass equations, and assess current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield of miombo woodlands of the area. Volume and biomass equations based on stump diameter for the estimation of volume and biomass of felled trees were also developed. A total of 30 trees were measured for stump diameter (StD), diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height and felled for the determination of volume and biomass. Different tree stem, branch and total volume and biomass models were then fitted. For the determination of current regeneration status, biodiversity and yield, data were collected from three strata: (a) Forest Reserve managed by the Central Government, (b) Forest Reserve under Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and (c) General land (free access by the public). In each stratum, temporary concentric circular sample plots were laid out on transects at 150 m intervals for a 1% sampling intensity. Stand variables such as number of stems per ha, basal area, biomass, volume and plant diversity, were computed for each stratum. The study has revealed the presence of average volumes (m3ha-1) and basal areas (m2ha-1) of: 76.02 + 9.14 and 9.13 + 0.78 for the Government forest reserve, 76.03 + 9.34 and 8.95 + 0.73 for SUA forest reserve, and 43.9 + 7.75 and 7.78 + 1.1 for general land forest. The respective biomass values were 43.56 + 7.06, 41.40 + 4.90 and 29.31 + 6.56 t ha-1. Tree species composition and regeneration status revealed that though disturbed, the public land species composition is not different from the other two strata. More studies should be done on the nursing of the abundant regeneration in the disturbed general land. The developed volume and biomass models are recommended to be used for the miombo woodlands at Kitulangalo area especially where small trees (< 8 cm dbh) are involved. Keywords: Miombo woodlands, Volume and biomass yields, Regeneration status and biodiversity Southern African Forestry Journal No.200 2004: 59-7

Tephrosia biomass yield and soil fertility in one season relay intercropping with maize in Semiarid Gairo, Tanzania

No Abstract.Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (1&2) 2007: pp. 25-3

Influence of the origin of stem cutting, season of collection and auxin application on the vegetative propagation of African Sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) in Tanzania: scientific paper

An investigation into the possibility of propagating O. lanceolata through stem cutting was carried out at Tanzania Tree Seed Agency, Iringa Zone, Tanzania. The aim was to test the potential of stem cuttings in providing an alternative/supplement to the use of seeds that are constrained with germination and storage problems. Three treatments were investigated on the rooting success and subsequent nursery performance of the cuttings: the effect of season at which cuttings are collected i.e. December, February, June and September; the effect of origin of stem cutting in a shoot, i.e. basal and terminal portions; and the effect of different levels of IBA as root promoters, i.e. 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The results revealed that stem cuttings collected from the sprouting stumps have a potential to be used in propagating O. lanceolata. Season at which cuttings are collected; origin of the stem cuttings in a shoot and application of auxins influenced the rooting success. Stem cuttings collected in September, originating from the basal portion had the best rooting (43.8 + 3.9%). This is possibly related to the high levels of stored food in the plant after undergoing active photosynthesis during the rain season, November-May. Auxin application in interaction with the season at which cuttings were collected enhanced the number of cuttings that rooted, the number of roots formed (13 + 0.4), the length (14 + 0.3 cm) and biomass of roots (6.95 + 3.9 g) produced. The concentration to be applied for effective rooting depended on the season at which cuttings were collected. Of the origin of stem cuttings, basal portions had better rooting than the terminal portion. The high nutrition status and low nitrogen content of basal portions may play a role in enhancing their performance. Thus when raising O. lanceolata from stem cuttings, best rooting is obtained from those raised between June and September using cuttings from the basal origin of the juvenile shoots. Application of IBA between 50 and 100 ppm further enhances rooting success. Key Words: Osyris lanceolata, African sandalwood, Stem cuttings, Collection season, Stem origin, IBA application, Rooting success Southern African Forestry Journal Vol.201, 2004: 13-2

Early performance of Casuarina junghuhniana provenances / land races at Lushoto, Tanzania: scientific paper

A trial involving 21 provenances form Indonesia and 7 ";local"; seed sources of Casuarina junghuhniana was established at Lushoto, Tanzania in March 1997. At 22 and 48 months of age, the following characteristics were assessed: survival, root collar diameter (RCD), breast height diameter (DBH) and height. The following were only assessed at 48 months of age: stem volume, biomass production and foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentration and content. At all assessment occasions except for height (22 months of age), N and P concentration and P content (48 months of age), significant provenance/land race variation was observed for the rest of the characteristics studied. At 48 months of age, the four best performing seed sources were: Mt. Bromo, East Java; Mt. Pohen, Bali; KARI, Muguga, Kenya and Mt. Brumo, East Java while the four worst performing ones were: Kapan, Kumpang, Timor; 25 km S.W.Soe, Timor; Noelmina River, Timor and Buat, Soe, Timor. Although these results are based on early performance of the seed sources, the promising seed sources are recommended for pilot planting at Lushoto and similar sites. Further evaluation is however, necessary to confirm the best provenances/land races. Southern African Forestry Journal No.194 2002: 7-1

Comparisons in seed kernel sizes and early growth performance of different Moringa oleiferaprovenances in southeast of Botswana

No Abstract.Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (1&2) 2007: pp. 52-5