Descriptors of Sepsis Using the Sepsis-3 Criteria: A Cohort Study in Critical Care Units Within the U.K. National Institute for Health Research Critical Care Health Informatics Collaborative

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of sepsis in critical care by applying the Sepsis-3 criteria to electronic health records. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. SETTING: Ten ICUs from four U.K. National Health Service hospital trusts contributing to the National Institute for Health Research Critical Care Health Informatics Collaborative. PATIENTS: A total of 28,456 critical care admissions (14,332 emergency medical, 4,585 emergency surgical, and 9,539 elective surgical). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-nine thousand three hundred forty-three episodes of clinical deterioration were identified with a rise in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of at least 2 points, of which 14,869 (50.7%) were associated with antibiotic escalation and thereby met the Sepsis-3 criteria for sepsis. A total of 4,100 episodes of sepsis (27.6%) were associated with vasopressor use and lactate greater than 2.0 mmol/L, and therefore met the Sepsis-3 criteria for septic shock. ICU mortality by source of sepsis was highest for ICU-acquired sepsis (23.7%; 95% CI, 21.9-25.6%), followed by hospital-acquired sepsis (18.6%; 95% CI, 17.5-19.9%), and community-acquired sepsis (12.9%; 95% CI, 12.1-13.6%) (p for comparison less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We successfully operationalized the Sepsis-3 criteria to an electronic health record dataset to describe the characteristics of critical care patients with sepsis. This may facilitate sepsis research using electronic health record data at scale without relying on human coding

Descriptors of sepsis using the Sepsis-3 criteria: A cohort study in critical care units within the UK National Institute for Health Research Critical Care Health Informatics Collaborative

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of sepsis in critical care by applying the Sepsis-3 criteria to electronic health records. Design: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Setting: Ten ICUs from four U.K. National Health Service hospital trusts contributing to the National Institute for Health Research Critical Care Health Informatics Collaborative. Patients: A total of 28,456 critical care admissions (14,332 emergency medical, 4,585 emergency surgical, and 9,539 elective surgical). Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-nine thousand three hundred forty-three episodes of clinical deterioration were identified with a rise in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of at least 2 points, of which 14,869 (50.7%) were associated with antibiotic escalation and thereby met the Sepsis-3 criteria for sepsis. A total of 4,100 episodes of sepsis (27.6%) were associated with vasopressor use and lactate greater than 2.0 mmol/L, and therefore met the Sepsis-3 criteria for septic shock. ICU mortality by source of sepsis was highest for ICU-acquired sepsis (23.7%; 95% CI, 21.9–25.6%), followed by hospital-acquired sepsis (18.6%; 95% CI, 17.5–19.9%), and community-acquired sepsis (12.9%; 95% CI, 12.1–13.6%) (p for comparison less than 0.0001). Conclusions: We successfully operationalized the Sepsis-3 criteria to an electronic health record dataset to describe the characteristics of critical care patients with sepsis. This may facilitate sepsis research using electronic health record data at scale without relying on human coding

Gender differences in recess play in five Fiji primary schools

This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the level of social interaction and types of play and games in which class four pupils in five Fiji primary schools in Suva are engaged during school recess. Five researchers observed 168 (male n = 79, female n = 89) class four pupils over three months, using scan sampling. With a mixed method approach, the study analysed quantitative data using the Kruskal–Wallis test, while qualitative data was gathered via five focus groups with recess observers. Qualitative data derived from these focus groups were used as a smaller component of the study to support quantitative findings in the dominant–less dominant mixed methods study. It was found that boys are significantly into ‘vigorous’ and ‘fantasy’ play more so than girls, while girls are engaged in ‘conversation’ more than boys during recess. This indicates that boys play more vigorous activities during recess than girls. Furthermore, it also indicates that boys may view recess as opportunity to be engaged in vigorous play, while girls may see it as opportunity to socialise with their friends. These and other discussions will have implications for a recess policy in Fiji