Localization of PMX1 transcripts in oral squamous cell carcinoma by in situ hybridization.

Câncer e desenvolvimento embrionário possuem diversos aspectos em comum, pois ambos exibem alternância entre proliferação e diferenciação celular. A família dos genes homeobox codifica fatores de transcrição fundamentais para o adequado desenvolvimento embrionário, e têm sido descritos em diferentes neoplasias. O PMX1 (Paired Mesoderm Homeobox 1) é um gene homeobox que está expresso durante o desenvolvimento de diversos tecidos mesenquimais, como o sistema cardiovascular e elementos do esqueleto. A relação entre o PMX1 e neoplasias malignas ainda não está bem estabelecida. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a presença dos transcritos do gene PMX1 em carcinomas epidermóides de boca e tecidos não tumorais adjacentes. Foi realizada hibridização in situ com sondas marcadas com digoxigenina em dezesseis amostras de carcinoma epidemóide de boca e dez de tecido não tumoral adjacente. No tecido não tumoral adjacente o sinal de hibridização é mais intenso nas camadas basal e suprabasal, mesmo quando ele pode ser observado em outras camadas. No carcinoma epidermóide de boca, o sinal está disperso por todo o tecido sendo mais intenso em áreas com células isoladas. Nossos resultados mostram a presença dos transcritos do PMX1 em epitélio de boca e em carcinoma epidermóide de boca e sugerem a participação do gene PMX1 na carcinogênese de boca. A sua expressão em neoplasias pouco diferenciadas deve ser melhor analisadaCancer and development share common features since both processes exhibit shifts between cell proliferation and differentiation. Homeobox gene family encodes transcription factors essentials for appropriate embryonic development and they have been described in different types of neoplastic tissues. PMX1 (Paired Mesoderm Homeobox 1) is homeobox gene that has been related with mesenchyma throughout development such cardiovascular system and skeletal elements, however its relation with tumor development is not well established yet. The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of PMX1 transcripts in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumoral tissues. In situ hybridization was performed with probes labeled with digoxigenin in sixteen samples of squamous cell carcinoma and ten o adjacent non-tumoral tissues. In the adjacent non-tumoral tissues in situ hybridization signaling detected were more intense in the basal and parabasal layers even when it could be observed in other layers. In the oral squamous cell carcinoma the signaling was spread all over the tissue becoming more intense in areas with isolated carcinoma cells. Our findings show PMX1 transcripts in adjacent non-tumoral tissues and oral squamous cell carcinoma and suggest participation of PMX1 in oral carcinogenesis. Its expression in poorly differentiated carcinomas needs to be analyzed in detai

Expression of Homeobox Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Treated With All-Trans Retinoic Acid

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may arise from potentially malignant oral lesions. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), which plays a role in cell growth and differentiation, has been studied as a possible chemotherapeutic agent in the prevention of this progression. While the mechanism by which atRA suppresses cell growth has not been completely elucidated, it is known that homeobox genes are atRA targets. To determine if these genes are involved in the atRA-mediated OSCC growth inhibition, PCR array was performed to evaluate the expression of 84 homeobox genes in atRA-sensitive SCC-25 cells compared to atRA-resistant SCC-9 cells following 7 days with atRA treatment. Results showed that the expression of 8 homeobox genes was downregulated and expression of 4 was upregulated in SCC-25 cells but not in SCC-9 cells. Gene expression levels were confirmed for seven of these genes by RT-qPCR. Expression of three genes that showed threefold downregulation was evaluated in SCC-25 cells treated with atRA for 3, 5, and 7 days. Three different patterns of atRA-dependent gene expression were observed. ALX1 showed downregulation only on day 7. DLX3 showed reduced expression on day 3 and further reduced on clay 7. TLX1 showed downregulation only on days 5 and 7. Clearly the expression of homeobox genes is modulated by atRA in OSCC cell lines. However, the time course of this modulation suggests that these genes are not direct targets of atRA mediating OSCC growth suppression. Instead they appear to act as downstream effectors of atRA signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1437-1444, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.NIH[DK070650]NIH[CA64945]CAPES (Brazil)[PDEE 0138-08-8