Nonlinear wave interaction in coastal and open seas -- deterministic and stochastic theory

We review the theory of wave interaction in finite and infinite depth. Both of these strands of water-wave research begin with the deterministic governing equations for water waves, from which simplified equations can be derived to model situations of interest, such as the mild slope and modified mild slope equations, the Zakharov equation, or the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. These deterministic equations yield accompanying stochastic equations for averaged quantities of the sea-state, like the spectrum or bispectrum. We discuss several of these in depth, touching on recent results about the stability of open ocean spectra to inhomogeneous disturbances, as well as new stochastic equations for the nearshore

The Tourist Offer of the Destination in an Experience Logic Perspective

The aim of the chapter is to propose an application of the experience logic and, in particular, the theatrical model to organize the tourist offer for the destination. Assuming the prospect of selling experiences, it emerges that, among the various factors needed for a destination to fall within the theatrical model, there must be the indispensable presence of a director (governing body in a systemic approach), to which we refer in our proposal for possible tourist destination market-oriented management tools. According to the theatrical model inspired by Pine and Gilmore, in which they underline that each business can be considered a show business, in order to be wholly efficient, the marketing activities must be geared toward the various internal (cast) and external subjects within the organizational system, whether it is a company or a destination. In other words, it is a question of adopting an integrated managerial perspective that is widely diffused organization-wide and culturally holistic. What is to be avoided is the logic of focusing the marketing only on the final client, thereby falling into a near-sighted approach that underestimates the importance of truly satisfying an audience when all of the theater components have worked together well. Indeed, concentrating exclusively on the external consumer means ignoring the fact that, in a tourist system, there are stakeholders (internal clients, distributes, suppliers, financial backers, public institutions, mass media, etc.) whose complete satisfaction is an indispensable condition for satisfying the final client and for long-term competitive success. We propose applying the experience concept and the theater model to tourist destinations with all due conceptual caution, aware of the limitations inherent in both theory and managerial actions, in undertaking to shift into terri27 torial contexts paradigms and tools that were developed with reference to organi2829 zational systems

Surgical versus expectant management in women with an incomplete evacuation of the uterus after treatment with misoprostol for miscarriage:the MisoREST trial

<p>Background: Medical treatment with misoprostol is a non-invasive and inexpensive treatment option in first trimester miscarriage. However, about 30% of women treated with misoprostol have incomplete evacuation of the uterus. Despite being relatively asymptomatic in most cases, this finding often leads to additional surgical treatment (curettage). A comparison of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgical management versus expectant management is lacking in women with incomplete miscarriage after misoprostol.</p><p>Methods/Design: The proposed study is a multicentre randomized controlled trial that assesses the costs and effects of curettage versus expectant management in women with incomplete evacuation of the uterus after misoprostol treatment for first trimester miscarriage. Eligible women will be randomized, after informed consent, within 24 hours after identification of incomplete evacuation of the uterus by ultrasound scanning. Women are randomly allocated to surgical or expectant management. Curettage is performed within three days after randomization. Primary outcome is the sonographic finding of an empty uterus (maximal diameter of any contents of the uterine cavity <10 millimeters) six weeks after study entry. Secondary outcomes are patients' quality of life, surgical outcome parameters, the type and number of re-interventions during the first three months and pregnancy rates and outcome 12 months after study entry.</p><p>Discussion: This trial will provide evidence for the (cost) effectiveness of surgical versus expectant management in women with incomplete evacuation of the uterus after misoprostol treatment for first trimester miscarriage.</p>