Avaliação de genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte ereto e semiereto na safrinha em Botucatu-SP.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ciclo e produtividade de 20 genótipos de feijão-caupi, sendo 16 linhagens e 4 cultivares, identificando os genótipos mais produtivos e bem adaptados. Foram realizados dois experimentos nos anos de 2011 e 2012, em condições de safrinha, em Botucatu-SP. Os genótipos foram avaliados quanto aos seguintes caracteres: número de dias para o florescimento, número de dias para a maturação e produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1). Dentre os materiais avaliados em 2011, as cultivares BRS Cauamé e BRS Tumucumaque e as linhagens MNC02-675F-4-2, MNC02-675F-9-2, MNC02-675F-9-3, MNC02-684F-5-6, MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-11, MNC03-737F-11 se mostram altamente produtivas. Em 2012 os materiais com maior produtividade foram as linhagens MNC02-675F-4-2 e MNC02-675F-9-2. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que é possível selecionar genótipos produtivos, para cultivo no período da safrinha, na região de Botucatu-SP.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/047a.pdf. Acesso em: 03 jul. 2013

Coffee leaf rust in Brazil: historical events, current situation, and control measures.

In this review of coffee leaf rust (CLR) in Brazil, we report: (i) the historical introduction of CLR in Brazil and the first control measures; (ii) favorable environmental conditions and times of year for the disease; (iii) breeding methods and strategies used for developing CLR-resistant cultivars; (iv) the levels, sources, and types of CLR resistance; (v) the development of Brazilian resistant cultivars; and (vi) chemical and cultural control methods. Most plantations are cultivated with susceptible cultivars, such as those of the Catuaí and Mundo Novo groups. Brazilian research institutes have developed dozens of cultivars with different levels of resistance, and significantly increased the planting of new resistant cultivars. The main sources of CLR resistance are genotypes from Híbrido de Timor, Icatu, BA series carrying the SH3 gene, and Ethiopian wild coffees. High CLR resistance is still observed in Sarchimor and SH3-carrying genotypes. Intermediate CLR resistance is observed in Ethiopian wild coffees and in Sarchimor and Icatu derivatives, where qualitative resistance has been supplanted by races of Hemileia vastatrix. Contact, mesostemic, and systemic fungicides are used for chemical control in Brazil. CLR incidence in Brazil begins to increase after the rainy season onset in November, reaches a peak in June, and remains high until August. Thus, chemical control is typically applied from December to April

Yields and production rates of cosmogenic ⁹Li and ⁸He measured with the Double Chooz near and far detectors

The yields and production rates of the radioisotopes 9Li and 8He created by cosmic muon spallation on 12C, have been measured by the two detectors of the Double Chooz experiment. The identical detectors are located at separate sites and depths, which means that they are subject to different muon spectra. The near (far) detector has an overburden of ∼120 m.w.e. (∼300 m.w.e.) corresponding to a mean muon energy of 32.1 ± 2.0 GeV (63.7 ± 5.5 GeV). Comparing the data to a detailed simulation of the 9Li and 8He decays, the contribution of the 8He radioisotope at both detectors is found to be compatible with zero. The observed 9Li yields in the near and far detectors are 5.51 ± 0.51 and 7.90 ± 0.51, respectively, in units of 10−8μ−1g−1cm2. The shallow overburdens of the near and far detectors give a unique insight when combined with measurements by KamLAND and Borexino to give the first multi-experiment, data driven relationship between the 9Li yield and the mean muon energy according to the power law Y=Y0(〈Eμ〉/1GeV)α¯, giving α¯=0.72±0.06 and Y0 = (0.43 ± 0.11) × 10−8μ−1g−1cm2. This relationship gives future liquid scintillator based experiments the ability to predict their cosmogenic 9Li background rates

Consumer Complaints and Company Market Value

Consumer complaints affect company market value and common sense suggests that a negative impact is expected. However, do complaints always negatively impact company market value? We hypothesize in this study that complaints may have a non-linear effect on market value. Positive (e.g. avoiding high costs to solve complaints) and negative (e.g. speedy and intense diffusion) tradeoffs may occur given the level of complaints. To test our non-linear hypothesis, a panel data was collected from cell phone service providers from 2005 to 2013. The results supported our tradeoff rationale. Low levels of complaints allow for companies to increase market value, while high levels of complaints cause increasing harm to market value. The sample, model and period considered in this study, indicates a level of 0.49 complaints per thousand consumers as the threshold for a shift in tradeoffs. The effects on market value become increasingly negative when trying to make reductions to move below this level, due to negative tradeoffs