Effects of Paclobutrazol and its method of application on the growth and transpiration of Acacia Mangium Seedlings

Ten-week-old potted A. mangium seedlings were subjected to a growth retardant, paclobutrazol (PP333), at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 4 and 12 gil. Four methods of application were tested namely S, soil drenching at week 0; F1, foliar spray (potting soil protected from chemical) at week 0; F2, foliar spray (potting soil protected from chemical) at week 0 and 6; and S+F, soil and foliar spray (potting soil exposed to chemical spray) at week O. Plants were harvested after 12 weeks for various growth measurements. Height and leaf area increments, transpiration and stomatal conductance were monitored at weekly intervals. Paclobutrazol was found to be effective in reducing root and shoot growth, transpiration and stomatal conductance of the seedlings. Treated plants had higher root to shoot ratios. The effects of the chemical increased with increasing concentration and frequency of application for the foliar spray. The chemical was most effective when applied through the soil either l7y drenching (S) or soil and foliar spray (S+F)

Image security system using hybrid cryptosystem

This work presents and describes a novel method to hide messages in images in a hybrid manner, as steganography is combined with quantum cryptography. Through stimulating and implementing this hybrid approach, the least significant bit (LSB) substitution is employed for hiding secret messages within cover images that consist of three bands (Red, Green and Blue), after which the output is encrypted using quantum one-time pad encryption. The models are illustrated explicitly and tested. In addition, the test analysis uses a steganalysis tool called StegExpose to detect LSB steganography in images. The experimental results proved that the image hiding is reliably secure and undetectable, and hence the proposed new hybrid model provides a sufficient security level as well as we have tested the proposed system using robust state-of- the-art steganalysis techniques and found the low payload threshold maintained in the proposed system produces a high margin of communication security safety. No payload files were detected (0% detections), despite each file containing the entire content of the information as embedded text