Biodiesel production from waste soybean oil biomass as renewable energy and environmental recycled process

Alternative fuel is currently an important issue all over the world due to the efforts on reducing global warming which is contributed by the combustion of petroleum or petrol diesel. Biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable, produced from renewable sources and contributes a minimal amount of net green house gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere. The study was carried out to produce biodiesel from waste/recycled oils to reduce the cost of biodiesel, waste and pollution. Some important variables such as volumetric ratio, types of reactants and catalytic activities were selected to obtain a high quality biodiesel fuel within the specifications of the American Standard for Biodiesel TestingMethod (ASTM D 6751) and European Norm (EN 14214). The highest biodiesel yield was obtained (71.2%) under the conditions of 1:1 volumetric oil-to-methanol weight ratio, 0.5% NaOH catalyst at 50°Creaction temperature and 320 rpm stirring speed. The results showed that biodiesel produced from different oil to methanol ratios, alcohol types and shaking time exhibited considerable differences. There was also a considerable difference of biodiesel yield produced by using methanol, ethanol and 1- butanol. The biodiesel yield increased in the order of 1-butanol < ethanol <methanol. There was a little difference in viscosity, acid value and chemical elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, P etc.) at different parameters. The research showed that biodiesel obtained under optimum conditions from completely waste oil was of good quality and could be used as a diesel fuel which is considered as potential use of waste cookingoil. In addition, bioenergy could be renewed and environmental recycling process could be maintained potentially using waste soybean cooking oil

Bioethanol fuel production from rambutan fruit biomass as reducing agent of global warming and greenhouse gases

The depletion of fossil fuels impacts on the increase of petroleum price and has triggered the finding of alternative and renewable energy. Biofuel has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world due to reducing the environmental impacts of elevated carbon monoxide. Abundant of fruits waste can be reused in the bioethanol production. Hence, it can reduce pollution and waste material, thus, helps in waste disposal management and reducing global warming. The aim of the study of producing bioethanol from rotten rambutan was to manage rambutan wastes, cleaning the environment and reduction of greenhouse gases and global warming. This study was conducted from rambutan fruit waste biomass in different parameters using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fermentation. The optimum condition of bioethanol yield was having 3 g of yeast at 30°C by following pH 6 for two days of incubation. Glucose content, total soluble solid (TSS) and pH values reduced after fermentation due to the conversion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide in case of all parameters. The chemical content, viscosity and acid values of the bioethanol produced were within ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard specifications with less hazardous chemical content in produced bioethanol. Furthermore, the engine test result showed that greenhouse gas emission like hydrocarbon (HC), NOx and SO2 content in E5 and E10 were significantly lower in bioethanol than in 100% gasoline tested in (proton Gen 2 multicylinder) car. Thus, it can potentially be used as good biofuel for petrol engine purposes.Key words: Bioethanol, fruit waste, emission, renewable energy, global warming