Impact of NAEM Training in Qualitative Approach

The purpose of the study is to measure the qualitative change  of training activities, which includes the Principal of colleges as trainee. Data are basically collected from primary source for the field level environment/ working places of trainees. This study includes 80 trained principals and 300 teachers of under trained principals. Questionnaires, interview schedule, observation and documents are the data collection instruments. Data presented in the qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the data analysis, statistical techniques such as tabular form, percentage, chi-square test, coefficient of variation etc. are used to write the study report. This study helps the authority to initiate the innovative mechanism for the development of managerial activities for the heads of the higher secondary level institutions. This study  helps to change the training activities for the requirement of stakeholders needs. Overall the study is able to fulfill the national goal in the field of educational administration and management in the secondary and higher secondary level institutions. Keywords: NAEM, EEC , BEERI,KSA, SMART, NIEAR 

Phytoplasmas: an update

A summary of the research carried out on phytoplasma-associated diseases 50 years after their discovery is presented. The great majority of the research was devoted to classification and differentiation of these prokaryotes by molecular and bioinformatic tools applied to specific phytoplasma genes. The availability of a robust classification system has greatly facilitated phytoplasma identification leading to an increased knowledge of plant diseases worldwide. Scientific knowledge on phytoplasma biology still needs to be improved to allow better management solutions to reduce the impact of these diseases in agricultural and natural environments

Phytoplasma Diseases in Ornamental Crops

An extensive and update review of the literature reporting the phytoplasma associated diseases in a number of ornamental plants and their classification is presented with major emphasis to reports in the main floricultural areas. Symptomatology of reported diseases is described in the most relevant traditional species as well as in emerging species used in floriculture and gardening worldwide