Brucellosis outbreak in a flock of seventeen sheep in Zaria

This work is a case report of brucellosis in a flock of sheep in Zaria. The flock comprised of seventeen Yankasa sheep, 14 ewes and 3 rams, with history of 2 recent cases of abortion, a presented case of uterine prolapse and 3 cases of carpal hygroma (1st and 2nd sheep bilaterally and the 3rd sheep left unilaterally). Laboratory experiment was carried out using bacteriological and serological test using blood, vaginal swab and hygromal fluid samples collected aseptically from the flock. No growth on culture, but 13 of 17 (76%) sera samples from the flock were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The prevalence rate of ratio 1(0.8%) male (ram) to 12(69.2%) female (ewe) was significant (p<0.05) and the overall prevalence rate of 76% was considered to be an outbreak of brucellosis in the flock. This findings has both economic and public health significance

Yellow fever vaccination in Nigeria: focus on Oyo State

Background: National vaccination campaigns prevented yellow fever virus epidemics in Nigeria. A build-up of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have been found in parts of the rain forest region that was the hotbed of previous epidemics. This study provides information on the annual vaccination counts in some major vaccination centers, vaccination status of some patients visiting the hospital for malaria and typhoid tests; and the vector density.Methods: Aedes aegypti were caught from two locations in Ibadan between May 2013 and June 2014. Structured questionnaires were administered to patients visiting Adeoyo Hospital Yemetu Ibadan with secondary data collected from three major vaccination centres.Results: Out of 801 patients visiting Adeoyo specialist hospital Yemetu for malaria parasite examination and widal tests, 799 had no yellow fever vaccination. The childhood YFV vaccination coverage was 40%, 73 %and 63% in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. Two hundred and thirty-six Aedes aegypti were caught intermittently, over a period of fourteen months.Conclusion: A lot of people in Oyo State are unvaccinated. The steady presence of Aedes aegypti underscores the risk of yellow fever hence the need for sustained surveillance. Indiscriminate discarding of hollow containers has immensely increased breeding of the vectors and should be discouraged.Keywords: Yellow fever, vaccination, Aedes aegypti, Nigeri

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women attending Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Primary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy is a frequent and serious threat to the fetus. As there is no vaccine alternative measures are needed to prevent congenital CMV infection. OBJECTIVE: This study determined CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody among pregnant women in order to ascertain the immune status of mothers to guide policy makers. METHODS: A semi-structured questionnaire was initially administered to obtain information on demographic details, stage of pregnancy and risk factors. Blood was collected by venipuncture from 180 women attending the antenatal clinic in Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Sera samples were screened using CMV IgG ELISA kit (Dialab, Austria). RESULTS: Out of 180 pregnant women, 164 (91.1%) were seropositive. Based on stages of pregnancy 6/6(100%), 52/60(86.7%) and 106/114(93.0%) were seropositive among women in the first, second and third trimesters respectively. CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence of pregnant women to CMV Ig G is high, hence the need for CMV - IgM screening to know the extent of active infection. There is also need for public enlightenment on the methods of transmission, effective prevention and control strategies

Tuberculosis transmission amongst pastoralists in Kaduna state, Nigeria

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