Hubungan Antara Minat Membaca Dengan Pencapaian Bacaan Mekanis di Kalangan Murid Tahun Tiga: Satu Kajian Kes

Satu kajian tentang pencapaian bacaan di peringkat awal perlu dijalankan memandangkan masih ramai murid sekolah rendah perantaraan Bahasa Malaysia gagal dalam kertas pemahaman Bahasa Malaysia Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mengukur pencapaian murid-murid Tahun Tiga dalam penguasaan bacaan mekanis dan hubungannya dengan minat membaca. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada 177 orang murid Melayu, lelaki dan perempuan dari Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Jalan Datuk Palembang, Bukit Baru, Melaka. Empat kaedah digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, iaitu bahan ujian, soal selidik, pemerhatian dan temu bual. Bahan ujian yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan skor pencapaian bacaan mekanis berupa petikan bacaan dan soalan-soalan pemahaman. Borang soal selidik digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang profil murid, kegiatan dan minat membaca.Pemerhatian dilakukan untuk mencatatkan tingkah laku murid semasa membaca. Teknik temu bual digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjutan berkaitan dengan murid pencapaian tinggi dan rendah. Untuk menentukan pencapaian bacaan mekanis, penyelidik menggunakan dua kriteria, iaitu penyebutan dan pemahaman. Empat pembolehubah bebas digunakan, iaitu umur, jantina, status sosioekonomi dan minat membaca. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Teknik deskriptif dan analitikal digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan minat membaca mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan pencapaian bacaan mekanis. Kebanyakan murid tergolong dalam peringkat minat membaca sederhana. Murid daripada kumpulan status sosioekonomi lebih tinggi memperoleh skor minat membaca dan skor pencapaian bacaan mekanis yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan mereka yang datang daripada kumpulan status sosioekonomi lebih rendah. Pencapaian murid dalam bahagian penyebutan lebih baik daripada bahagian pemahaman. Kebanyakan murid berada pada tahap bacaan pengajaran

Distributed intrusion detection trust management through integrity and expertise evaluation

Information sharing and collaboration has facilitated decision accuracy and reaction time in many applications. Distributed Intrusion Detection Systems (DIDS) solutions are one of such applications that have dramatically been transformed. This is mainly due to increasing number of attacks as well as sophisticated nature of today's intrusions. Moreover, it has been shown that various critical components of a system can be targeted. This is further exasperated by the fact that most DIDS models do not consider attacks that targets the collaborative network itself. We specifically find this issue to be very critical and hence in this paper we propose a trust aware DIDS simulation model that is capable of categorizing each participating IDS expertise (i.e. speciality and competence), therefore helps collaborating organizations to consult our simulation model for choosing the right candidate for any type of intrusion. We call our proposed DIDS model Consultative Trusted Computing-based Collaborative IDS (CTC IDS). We utilize the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for integrity evaluation and to fine-tune peer evaluation

Performance of membrane bioreactor (MBR) in high phosphate wastewater

This study presents the performance of membrane bioreactor in treating high phosphate wastewater. The laboratory scale MBR was operated at permeate flux of 25 L/m2.h with a hollow fiber membrane (polypropylene, approx. pore size 0.01 - 0.2 μm) at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hrs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy diffusive X-ray (EDX) analyzer were used to characterize the membrane foulants. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD, TSS, NH3-N and PO4 3- were 93, 98, 80 and 30% respectively. On average 91% of influent soluble microbial products (SMP) were eliminated, with the eliminations of polysaccharides mostly above 80%. The main fouling resistance was cake resistance. It should be noted that SMP were found in major portions of mixed liquor that played a relatively significant role in membrane fouling. SEM and EDX analyses indicated that the foulants covering the membrane surfaces comprises not only organic substances but also inorganic elements including Mg, Ca, Al, K and P

Influence of enterprise risk management framework implementation and board equity ownership on firm performance in Nigerian financial sector: An initial finding

This study has investigated the influence of ERM framework implementation and Board Equitym Ownership on the performance of financial intuitions in Nigeria. One hundred and sixty three institutions constitute the sample of the study. We collected the data from chief risk officers, chief financial officers and other top level managers of the sampled organisations.The study utilized PLS-SEM path modelling with the help of SmartPLS 2.0 software to test the research framework.The results of the analysis indicated that ERM framework implementation and board equity ownership have a significant positive effects on the financial and non-financial performance of financial institutions in Nigeria.The study recommended the need for business firms to deploy more resources to ensure efficient operations of ERM initiatives in their organisations.Regulatory agencies need to ensure full implementation of ERM across all financial institutions regardless of the size of the firm to actualize its full benefits.The implication of the findings is that financial institutions and other regulatory agencies need to focus on both financial and non-financial performance indicators in their risk management policy.

Towards a sludgeless heavy metal finishing industry for a cleaner environment

The treatment of heavy metals is based primarily on chemical coagulation and precipitation where substantial amounts of toxic sludge are normally generated. A study using an electrolytic processes has been carried out to recover heavy metals from a mixed plating bath in a metal finishing factory. The unit uses a RETEC system consisting of a high surface area cell based on a simple theory of electrolysis and produces a very large surface area about 10–15 times the geometrical surface area of the cathode. This paper presents cases where 95% tin, lead, and 98% copper, nickel, and zinc were successfully recovered, and discusses economic considerations

Comparative Study of Residential Lighting Technologies

As the lighting load constituted amount of power in electricity system, improving of efficiency in lighting technology would make a beneficial to consumer, energy provider and environment. Consequently, majority of home lighting manufacturers were competing each other by improving and claiming their product as the best energy efficient lighting product. Knowledge or exposure regarding to lighting technology especially on energy efficiency, power quality and economy are an important issues to give awareness to user before buy or use the lighting product. Therefore in this research study, three types of lighting product such as energy saving incandescent lighting, compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) and solid state lighting (LED) were compared. Comparative parameters were collected from data provided by lighting manufacturer and experimental data conducted in laboratory using power quality meter and lux meter. Hence, these study discussed in term of economy, power and light quality and energy efficiency of the tested lighting product. At the end of this study, the best home lighting technology is determined successfull

The effect of ultrasonic energy on the enhancement of the biodegradability of food waste

In this study, the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical property changes and methane production potential of anaerobic digestion of food waste was investigated. The study, involving a laboratory experimentation by sonicating 200 mL of food waste sample, was investigated at different sonication times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min), and the specific energy input ranged from 5,396 to 25,997 kJ/kg total solid. The experimental results found that the mean particle size diameter (d50) of the ultrasonically treated food waste decreased from 59 to 21.9 μm with the specific surface area increasing from 0.523 to 1.2 μm2/g. This is evidenced in the food waste morphological structure changes from particles or granules varying in size and shape from small to large and round to oval or unsymmetrical shaped when the food waste samples were sonicated in the range of 2–10 min as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The value of soluble chemical oxygen demand was increased about 34–40% while the degree of disintegration was recorded as 57.15, 61.10, 71.08, 68.94, and 68.68%, respectively. The CODsolubilization was achieved around 11.4, 11.8, 13.4, 12.7, and 13.2%, when the food waste sample was sonicated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min, respectively. This CODsolubilization correlated well with DD when the linear relationship was shown by R2 = 0.945. The result shows that the use of sonicated food waste in the anaerobic digestion process has increased about 45.9, 40.3, 46.6, 64.4, and 70.5% of cumulative CH4 production rates in the food waste sample sonicated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min, respectively, when compared to the non-sonicated food waste sample

Total removal of heavy metal from mixed plating rinse wastewater

A mixed plating rinse wastewater containing zinc, hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, and cyanide with total dissolved solids of 424 mg/1 was treated by a model consisting of a sand filter and ion exchange columns. A strongly acidic cation resin in hydrogen form and a strongly basic anion resin in hydroxide form were used in the columns as cationic and anionic exchangers, respectively. The cationic and anionic exchangers were regenerated by using 2% H2SO4 and 5% NaOH, respectively. A 100% removal of zinc, total chromium, hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium was achieved in the studies. Very high removal of total dissolved solids, cyanide and hardness level was achieved at 98.9%, 99.9% and 96.5%, respectively. The conductivity of wastewater was reduced from an average of 358 μs/cm to 5 μs/cm. The case study has shown that treatment systems using cationic and anionic resin were able to treat a mixed plating bath effluent to comply with the standard discharge under the Malaysian Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulation, 1979

Systemic Administration of Minocycline Reduces Fos Protein Expression in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Deprived Rat’s Spinal Cord But Not Nociceptive Response After Formalin-Induced Inflammatory Pain

Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline, an antibiotic that capable to penetrating the blood brain barrier and believed to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study want to investigates the effects of minocycline on the nociceptive response and Fos protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn of the REM sleep deprived rat after a formalin injection. REM sleep deprivation was elicited using the modified inverted flowerpot method. Minocycline (30 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally once a day during the 72 hours of REM sleep deprivation and 30 minutes before formalin test. Fifty microliter of formalin (2.5%) was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the left hind paw of the rat. The nociceptive responses were recorded for one hour. Two hours after the formalin injection, the rats were sacrificed and expression of the Fos positive cell was examined. The nociceptive responses were found not statistically significant in all phases between all groups. However, enhancement in the number of the Fos positive cell was significantly higher in the REMsd group compared to other groups but reduced after minocycline treatment. Pre-emptive administration of minocycline reduces Fos protein expression in REM sleep deprived rat’s spinal cord but not the nociceptive response after inflammatory pain

Societal perception on the government role in governing development and ethnic relations in Malaysia

This article discusses the perception of the society on the role played by the government in implementing the governance responsibilities of the country's development, particularly in the context of managing and organizing social differences in the Malaysian society. The diversity in Malaysia is not only generates a dynamic social composition, but has brought significant challenges to the government in managing the country's governance more effectively. In addition, the civic consciousness among the current Malaysian society has claimed various demands such as for a fair, transparent and equitable government, society’s interests, as well as generating good economic development and sustaining social well-being in society. This study explores the perceptions of the community towards the role of the government in the context of economic governance, holistic development, community management, establishment of government services, program implementation, political, media, criminal governance and social problems. This study indicates each ethnic group presented different feedbacks in every aspect. However, there is no negative dimension that shows the failure of the government in implementing a good governance, but still need some improvement based on the perception of the respondents. Implementation of development, governance is important in the context of promoting good ethnic relations between the diversity of societies in Malaysia. Thus, good ethnic relations are the substance for the formation of social cohesion and the continued assurance of national stability in Malaysia