10 research outputs found
Haematologic and Immunophenotypic Profile of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Experience of Tata Memorial Hospital
OBJECTIVES: To study the hematologic and immunophenotypic profile of
260 cases of acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This is a retrospective analysis of 260 cases of AML diagnosed at our
institution between 1998 and 2000. Diagnosis was based on peripheral
blood and bone marrow examination for morphology cytochemistry and
immunophenotypic studies. SPSS software package, version 10, was used
for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent of our cases
were adults. The age of the patients ranged from one year to 78 years
with a median age of 27.2 years. There were 187 males and 73 females.
The commonest FAB subtype, in both children and adults, was AML-M2. The
highest WBC counts were seen in AML-M1 and the lowest in AML-M3
(10-97x109/L, mean 53.8x109/L). The mean values and range for
hemoglobin was 6.8gm/l (1.8gm/l to 9.2gm/l), platelet count 63.3x109/L
(32-83x109/L), peripheral blood blasts 41.4% (5 to 77%) and bone marrow
blasts 57.6% (34-96%). Myeloperoxidase positivity was highest in the
M1, M2 and M3 subtypes. CD13 and CD33 were the most useful markers in
the diagnosis of AML. CD14 and CD36 were most often seen in monocytic
(38%) and myelomonocytic (44%) leukemias. Lymphoid antigen expression
was seen in 15% of cases. CD7 expression was the commonest (11%).
CONCLUSION: AML accounted for 39.8% of all acute leukemias at this
institution. The most common subtype was AML-M2. Myeloperoxidase stain
was a useful tool in the diagnosis of myeloid leukemias. CD13 and CD33
were the most diagnostic myeloid markers
Quantitative measurement of passive duction force tension in intermittent exotropia and its clinical implications
In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Dry Powder Inhalation Formulations: Comparison of Particles Prepared by Thin Film Freezing and Micronization
Tyrosine 842 in the activation loop is required for full transformation by the oncogenic mutant FLT3-ITD
Genetic interactions between Protein Kinase D and Lobe mutants during eye development of Drosophila melanogaster
Development of Budesonide Microparticles Using Spray-Drying Technology for Pulmonary Administration: Design, Characterization, In Vitro Evaluation, and In Vivo Efficacy Study
The purpose of this research was to generate, characterize, and investigate the in vivo efficacy of budesonide (BUD) microparticles prepared by spray-drying technology with a potential application as carriers for pulmonary administration with sustained-release profile and improved respirable fraction. Microspheres and porous particles of chitosan (drug/chitosan, 1:2) were prepared by spray drying using optimized process parameters and were characterized for different physicochemical parameters. Mass median aerodynamic diameter and geometric standard deviation for conventional, microspheres, and porous particles formulations were 2.75, 4.60, and 4.30 µm and 2.56, 1.75, and 2.54, respectively. Pharmacokinetic study was performed in rats by intratracheal administration of either placebo or developed dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated (Ka, Ke, Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and Vd) and these results indicated that developed formulations extended half life compared to conventional formulation with onefold to fourfold improved local and systemic bioavailability. Estimates of relative bioavailability suggested that developed formulations have excellent lung deposition characteristics with extended T1/2 from 9.4 to 14 h compared to conventional formulation. Anti-inflammatory activity of BUD and developed formulations was compared and found to be similar. Cytotoxicity was determined in A549 alveolar epithelial cell line and found to be not toxic. In vivo pulmonary deposition of developed conventional formulation was studied using gamma scintigraphy and results indicated potential in vitro–in vivo correlation in performance of conventional BUD DPI formulation. From the DPI formulation prepared with porous particles, the concentration of BUD increased fourfold in the lungs, indicating pulmonary targeting potential of developed formulations