Garment smoothness appearance evaluation through computer vision

The measurement and evaluation of the appearance of wrinkling in textile products after domestic washing and drying is performed currently by the comparison of the fabric with the replicas. This kind of evaluation has certain drawbacks, the most significant of which are its subjectivity and its limitations when used with garments. In this paper, we present an automated wrinkling evaluation system. The system developed can process fabrics as well as any type of garment, independent of size or pattern on the material. The system allows us to label different parts of the garment. Thus, as different garment parts have different influence on human perception, this labeling enables the use of weighting, to improve the correlation with the human visual system. The system has been tested with different garments showing good performance and correlation with human perception. © The Author(s) 2012.Silvestre-Blanes, J.; Berenguer Sebastiá, JR.; Pérez Llorens, R.; Miralles, I.; Moreno Canton, J. (2012). Garment smoothness appearance evaluation through computer vision. Textile Research Journal. 82(3):299-309. doi:10.1177/0040517511424530S299309823López, F., Miguel Valiente, J., Manuel Prats, J., & Ferrer, A. (2008). Performance evaluation of soft color texture descriptors for surface grading using experimental design and logistic regression. Pattern Recognition, 41(5), 1744-1755. doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2007.09.011Villette, S. (2008). Simple imaging system to measure velocity and improve the quality of fertilizer spreading in agriculture. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 17(3), 031109. doi:10.1117/1.2956835Neri, F., & Tirronen, V. (2009). Memetic Differential Evolution Frameworks in Filter Design for Defect Detection in Paper Production. Studies in Computational Intelligence, 113-131. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01636-3_7Carfagni, M., Furferi, R., & Governi, L. (2005). A real-time machine-vision system for monitoring the textile raising process. Computers in Industry, 56(8-9), 831-842. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.010Wang, W., Wong, Y. S., & Hong, G. S. (2005). Flank wear measurement by successive image analysis. Computers in Industry, 56(8-9), 816-830. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.009Cho, C.-S., Chung, B.-M., & Park, M.-J. (2005). Development of Real-Time Vision-Based Fabric Inspection System. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 52(4), 1073-1079. doi:10.1109/tie.2005.851648Kawabata, S., Mori, M., & Niwa, M. (1997). An experiment on human sensory measurement and its objective measurement. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 9(3), 203-206. doi:10.1108/09556229710168324Fan, J., Lu, D., Macalpine, J. M. K., & Hui, C. L. P. (1999). Objective Evaluation of Pucker in Three-Dimensional Garment Seams. Textile Research Journal, 69(7), 467-472. doi:10.1177/004051759906900701Fan, J., & Liu, F. (2000). Objective Evaluation of Garment Seams Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology. Textile Research Journal, 70(11), 1025-1030. doi:10.1177/004051750007001114Yang, X. B., & Huang, X. B. (2003). Evaluating Fabric Wrinkle Degree with a Photometric Stereo Method. Textile Research Journal, 73(5), 451-454. doi:10.1177/004051750307300513Kang, T. J., Kim, S. C., Sul, I. H., Youn, J. R., & Chung, K. (2005). Fabric Surface Roughness Evaluation Using Wavelet-Fractal Method. Textile Research Journal, 75(11), 751-760. doi:10.1177/0040517505058855Mohri, M., Ravandi, S. A. H., & Youssefi, M. (2005). Objective evaluation of wrinkled fabric using radon transform. Journal of the Textile Institute, 96(6), 365-370. doi:10.1533/joti.2004.0066Zaouali, R., Msahli, S., El Abed, B., & Sakli, F. (2007). Objective evaluation of multidirectional fabric wrinkling using image analysis. Journal of the Textile Institute, 98(5), 443-451. doi:10.1080/00405000701489156Yu, W., Yao, M., & Xu, B. (2009). 3-D Surface Reconstruction and Evaluation of Wrinkled Fabrics by Stereo Vision. Textile Research Journal, 79(1), 36-46. doi:10.1177/004051750809049

Cellulose nanofibrils and silver nanowires active coatings for the development of antibacterial packaging surfaces

An active ink composed of cellulose nanofibrils and silver nanowires was deposited on flexible and transparent polymer films using the bar coating process, achieving controlled thicknesses ranging from 200 nm up to 2 µm. For 350 nm thick coating on polyethylene terephthalate films, high transparency (75.6% transmittance) and strong reduction of bacterial growth equal to 89.3% and 100% was noted respectively against Gram-negative Escherichia Coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria using AATCC contact active standard test. Retained antibacterial activity was found with films produced by reverse gravure roll-to-roll process, showing the promising capability of this antibacterial solution to be deployed industrially. Finally, the same ink was also deposited on polylactic acid substrate to investigate barrier properties: for 350 nm thick coating, a reduction of 49% of oxygen transmission rate (dry conditions) and 47% reduction of water vapor transmission rate was noted, proving the enhanced barrier properties of the coatings

Rheology of cellulose nanofibrils and silver nanowires for the development of screen-printed antibacterial surfaces

TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (T-CNF) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) were formulated as active inks. Their rheological properties were investigated to design optimal conditions for processing by the screen-printing process, with the aim of preparing antibacterial patterns. Rheological experiments mimicking the screen-printing process were applied to different ink formulations to investigate their thixotropic and viscosity properties. The experiments conducted at 1wt% total mass content and different ratios of T-CNF/Ag NWs showed that the recovery (%), the recovery time and the viscosity are formulation dependent. A ratio 2:1 (T-CNF/Ag NWs) and total mass content of 2.5wt% were then selected to prepare an ink suitable for screen printing. Printing defects were corrected by addition of water-soluble polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The selected formulation printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate displayed a 67.4% antibacterial activity against E. coli in a standard contact active test, with a transparency superior to 70%, proving the promising features of the developed solution for active packaging applications