Dynamics of transformation of conduction electrons into charge-density-wave soliton at low temperatures

The analytical model which describes the dynamics of transformation of conduction electrons into nonlinear charge-carrying excitations of CDW in quasi-one-dimensional Peierls-Frohlich conductors is formulated and studied by the inverse scattering transformation method. The pair of self-trapped conduction electrons transform into a charged 2л-кіпк localized in a single conducting chain and surrounded by dipoles in neighboring chain

Dynamics of formation of soliton conductivity in a 2D-array of linear chains containing commensurate charge density wave near the contact with a normal metal

We make a numerical study of the conversion of conduction electrons into charge density wave (CDW) topological solitons at the interface between a normal metal and a 2D-array of the CDW-carrying linear chains. The interplay of commensurability potential, interchain interaction, and electric field on the dynamics of soliton formation is studied. When the interchain interaction exceeds the commensurability energy, the dynamic mechanism of creation of fractionally charged solitons near the contact is suppressed and specific contact nonlinearity in transport current is not observed

Dynamics of formation of soliton conductivity in a 2D-array of linear chains containing commensurate CDW near the contact with a normal metal

We study numerically conversion of conduction electrons into Charge Density Wave (CDW) topological solitons at the interface between the normal metal and a 2D-array of the CDW-carrying linear chains. The interplay of commensurability potential, interchain interaction, and electric field on the dynamic of soliton formation is studied. When interchain interaction exceeds the commensurability energy, the dynamic mechanism of creation of fractionally charged solitons near the contact is suppressed and specific contact nonlinearity in transport current is not observed

Quasi-one-dimensional charge density wave in electromagnetic field arbitrarily oriented to conducting chains : Generalized Frohlich relations

We derive equations for the collective CDW-curent transverse conducting chains in a quasi-one-dimensional CDW-conductor. Generalized Fröhlich relations between the transverse currents and phase gradients are due to the polarization corrections to the (1+1) chiral anomaly Lagrangean. The CDW Hall constant RCDW is calculated, RCDW ~ T2c/ICDW, where Tc is the critical temperature of the Peierls transition, and ICDW is the nonlinear CDW current in the direction parallel to the conducting chain

GPS Positioning Accuracy in Different Modes with Active Forcing on the Ionosphere from the Sura High-Power HF Radiation

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The global navigation satellite system accuracy and the possibility to actively affect it is quite a relevant problem. Based on two experimental campaigns (2010 and 2016), we analyzed the GPS positioning accuracy with forcing from the Sura high-power HF radiation. Analysis of the positioning error variations for 14 stations at different distances from the heater (directly near the latter and more than a thousand kilometers away from it) showed the absence of significant effects both in the precise point positioning (PPP) mode and in a standard iterative single-frequency positioning mode that is most frequently used

GPS positioning accuracy during the 2016 September and 2010 August campaigns at the SURA heater

We have conducted ionosphere heating experiments using HF radiation of SURA facility in August of 2010 and in September of 2016. We analyzed GPS positioning accuracy during the experiments. Positioning errors were estimated for 14 GPS receivers located at various distance, from just at the facility up to more than 1000 km from the facility. Data show that there were no noticeable positioning errors for both precise point positioning (PPP) and standard single-frequency modes

Variations in management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures as designated by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System

OBJECTIVE Optimal management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures, as defined by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System, remains controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine whether significant management variations exist with respect to 1) fracture location across the upper, middle, and lower subaxial cervical spine and 2) geographic region, experience, or specialty. METHODS A survey was internationally distributed to 272 AO Spine members across six geographic regions (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East). Participants’ management of A3 and A4 subaxial cervical fractures across cervical regions was assessed in four clinical scenarios. Key characteristics considered in the vignettes included degree of neurological deficit, pain severity, cervical spine stability, presence of comorbidities, and fitness for surgery. Respondents were also directly asked about their preferences for operative management and misalignment acceptance across the subaxial cervical spine. RESULTS In total, 155 (57.0%) participants completed the survey. Pooled analysis demonstrated that surgeons were more likely to offer operative intervention for both A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures located at the cervicothoracic junction compared with fractures at the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. There were no significant variations in management for junctional incomplete (p = 0.116) or complete (p = 0.342) burst fractures between geographic regions. Surgeons with more than 10 years of experience were more likely to operatively manage A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their younger counterparts. Neurosurgeons were more likely to offer surgical stabilization of A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their orthopedic colleagues. Clinicians from both specialties agreed regarding their preference for fixation of lower junctional A3 (p = 0.866) and A4 (p = 0.368) fractures. Overall, surgical fixation was recommended more often for A4 than A3 fractures in all four scenarios (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The subaxial cervical spine should not be considered a single unified entity. Both A3 and A4 fracture subtypes were more likely to be surgically managed at the cervicothoracic junction than the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. The authors also determined that treatment strategies for A3 and A4 subaxial cervical spine fractures varied significantly, with the latter demonstrating a greater likelihood of operative management. These findings should be reflected in future subaxial cervical spine trauma algorithms. © 2022 The authors