Phase Behavior of Aqueous Na-K-Mg-Ca-CI-NO3 Mixtures: Isopiestic Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling

A comprehensive model has been established for calculating thermodynamic properties of multicomponent aqueous systems containing the Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, Ca{sup 2+}, Cl{sup -}, and NO{sub 3}{sup -} ions. The thermodynamic framework is based on a previously developed model for mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions. The framework has been designed to reproduce the properties of salt solutions at temperatures ranging from the freezing point to 300 C and concentrations ranging from infinite dilution to the fused salt limit. The model has been parameterized using a combination of an extensive literature database and new isopiestic measurements for thirteen salt mixtures at 140 C. The measurements have been performed using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) previously designed gravimetric isopiestic apparatus, which makes it possible to detect solid phase precipitation. Water activities are reported for mixtures with a fixed ratio of salts as a function of the total apparent salt mole fraction. The isopiestic measurements reported here simultaneously reflect two fundamental properties of the system, i.e., the activity of water as a function of solution concentration and the occurrence of solid-liquid transitions. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the new isopiestic data as well as literature data for binary, ternary and higher-order subsystems. Because of its high accuracy in calculating vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria, the model is suitable for studying deliquescence behavior of multicomponent salt systems

Inositols: pharmacology and findings of clinical trials. Current evidence and prospects

Yu.E. Dobrokhotova1, O.A. Gromova2, A.S. Dukhanin1, Z.Kh. Kumykova3, E.V. Sheremetyeva4, G.I. Tabeeva3 1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Federal Research Center "Informatics and Management" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 3V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation 4National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation Alterations in reproductive functions are associated with metabolic disorders, eating habits and lifestyle. In this context, a growing body of research is currently focused on the use of various vitamins and vitamin-like substances, such as inositol, in female patients with alterations in reproductive functions and metabolic disorders. Co-administration of inositol with pathogenetic therapy can be recommended to women of reproductive age with metabolic syndrome, as an additional option for preserving fertility and activating ovarian functions in young female patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Myoinositol and D-chiroinositol are inositol stereoisomers demonstrating the highest metabolic activity. The beneficial ratio of Myoinositol (MI) to D-chiroinositol (DCI) ensures the healthy state of organs and tissues, while a misbalance or depletion of inositol levels can cause various diseases. Combination of MI and DCI in a 5:1 ratio with manganese and folic acid is an&nbsp; original non-hormonal formula designed to improve functional state of the female reproductive system as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In addition, this combination should be considered as a promising alternative for the management of metabolic disorders in perimenopausal women. Keywords: reproductive function, metabolism, inositol, myoinositol, D-chiroinositol, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian reserve, menopause, metabolic syndrome, manganese, folic acid. For citation: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Gromova O.A., Dukhanin A.S. et al. Inositols: pharmacology and findings of clinical trials. Current evidence and prospects. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(4):309–319 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-4-309-319. <br