Semi-Transparent Polymer Solar Cells with Excellent Sub-Bandgap Transmission for Third Generation Photovoltaics

Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics are of interest for a variety of photovoltaic applications, including solar windows and hybrid tandem photovoltaics. The figure shows a photograph of our semi-transparent solar cell, which has a power conversion efficiency of 5.0%, with an above bandgap transmission of 34% and a sub-bandgap transmission of 81%

Modern imaging of the alimentary tube

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Per-capita consumption of analgesics: a nine-country survey over 20 years

We review constructions of quantum surface codes and give an alternative, algebraic, construction of the known classes of surface codes that have fixed rate and growing minimum distance. This construction borrows from Margulis's family of Cayley graphs with large girths, and highlights the analogy between quantum surface codes and cycle codes of graphs in the classical case. We also attempt a brief foray into the class of quantum topological codes arising from higher dimensional manifolds and find these examples to have the same constraint on the rate and minimum distance as in the 2-dimensional case.COdes Correcteurs Quantique