Noncommutativity in quantum cosmology and the Hierarchy problem

We study the quantum cosmology of an empty (4+1)-dimensional Kaluza-Klein cosmology with a negative cosmological constant and a FRW type metric with two scale factors, one for 4-D universe and the other for one compact extra dimension. By assuming the noncommutativity in the corresponding mini-superspace we suggest a solution for the Hierarchy problem, at the level of Wheeler-DeWitt equation.Comment: 7 pages; Title, abstract and text changed; references added; to appear in PL

A 5D non compact and non Ricci flat Kaluza-Klein Cosmology

A model universe is proposed in the framework of 5-dimensional noncompact Kaluza-Klein cosmology which is not Ricci flat. The 4D part as the Robertson-Walker metric is coupled to conventional perfect fluid, and its extra-dimensional part is coupled to a dark pressure through a scalar field. It is shown that neither early inflation nor current acceleration of the 4D universe would happen if the non-vacuum states of the scalar field would contribute to 4D cosmology.Comment: 13 pages, major revision, published online in GR

Reconstruction of f(R)f(R), f(T)f(T) and f(G)f(\mathcal{G}) models inspired by variable deceleration parameter

We study an special law for the deceleration parameter, recently proposed by Akarsu and Dereli, in the context of $f(R)$, $f(T)$ and $f(\mathcal{G})$ theories of modified gravity. This law covers the law of Berman for obtaining exact cosmological models to account for the current acceleration of the universe, and also gives the opportunity to generalize many of the dark energy models having better consistency with the cosmological observations. Our aim is to reconstruct the $f(R)$, $f(T)$ and $f(\mathcal{G})$ models inspired by this law of variable deceleration parameter. Such models may then exhibit better consistency with the cosmological observations.Comment: 18 pages, Published online in Astrophys. Space. Sc

Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk

Study the Pattern of Unusual Attachments of Pronator Teres in Flexor Muscles Group of the Forearm

Background and Objectives: Study of the variations in the muscles, nerves and arteries formation and course is useful for the clinicians during surgery and for differential diagnosis of uncommon clinical conditions. As the arm and forearm are the point of formation of many body structures, variations are not uncommon but variations of Pronator teres (PT) are rare in literature. The role of PT is critical as one of the main flexors and pronators of the elbow joint. We present an unusual case of PT formation found during routine cadaveric dissection. PT is the most lateral muscle of the superficial group muscles of forearm. In pronation, it acts as a medial rotator of radius on ulna. PT has two origins, the humeral head, arises from the medial supracondylar ridge, and from the common flexor tendon which arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulnar head which arises from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna. Median nerve crosses between these ends. The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius. Material and Methods: During routine dissection of a 60 year-old male preserved corpse, whom we had no information from previous diseases, variations were found in PT. Results: There was an abnormal origin of PT and absence of its coronoid attachment. Due to its important relation with median nerve and brachial artery this variation may be important after probable trauma injuries. Furthermore there was a neural variance in this region as too early branching of anterior interosseus branch of median was seen. Conclusion: It is concluded that PT variations may affect the function of upper limb. Knowledge of such variations is important to anatomists, radiologists, anesthesiologists and surgeons in evaluation of unexplained sensory and motor loss after trauma and surgical interventions to the upper limb. The presence of anatomical variations is often used to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms and for differential diagnosis of uncommon clinical conditions. In this study Clinical consideration of the present variations has been discussed. The present variation should be considered in the etiology of PT syndrome

Association between cancer risk and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons� exposure in the ambient air of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran

Nowadays, a large number of health endpoints such as disease rates, treatment costs, and death, by air pollutants, have been a serious health problem for humans. One of the most hazardous air pollutants, which is highly dangerous for human health, is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The existence of the emission of industries� pollutants and seasonal variations are the primary agents affecting PAHs� concentration. The purposes of this study were to calculate the cancer risk and measure PAHs� exposure in the ambient air of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, during 2017. Three distinct areas ((S1) industrial, (S2) high traffic, and (S3) residential) of Ahvaz metropolitan were selected. Omni sampler equipped with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters were used for active sampling of PAHs. To detect the level of PAHs, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) were used to estimate the health risk caused by PAHs. The results showed that the residential and industrial areas had the lowest and highest level of PAHs. Moreover, the average levels of PAHs in industrial, high traffic, and residential areas were 8.44 ± 3.37, 7.11 ± 2.64, and 5.52 ± 1.63 ng m�3, respectively. Furthermore, ILCR in autumn and winter was higher than EPA standard, 0.06307 and 0.04718, respectively. In addition, ILCR in different areas was significantly higher than standard. Research findings imply that the levels of exposure to PAHs can increase ILCR and risk of health endpoint. The cancer risk attributed to PAHs should be further investigated from the perspective of the public health in metropolitans. © 2018, ISB