System of Technologies for Building the Information Space: Coverage Tools

The relevance of the research is determined by the rapid development of the information society and the growing need to receive new information. The research aims to consider information coverage tools, as well as to reveal their role and place in the system of information space. The conducted research enabled to determine the role and place of information coverage tools in the information space. The authors formulated the definitions of the phenomena "information space" and "information coverage". The role of the press service as an information coverage tool was studied in detail, as well as the interdependent effectiveness of information coverage of events in the mass media and mass communication which takes into account the interests of target audiences. The research findings can be used in the organization of news coverage, the work of press services, as well as public and commercial public relations departments

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТИМИЧЕСКИХ ПЕПТИДОВ НА АНАЛЬГЕЗИЮ, ВЫЗВАННУЮ ОСТРОЙ И ПОДОСТРОЙ ИММОБИЛИЗАЦИЕЙ

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the influence of thymic polypeptides on pain sensitivity and to analyze a possible role of the opioid system in the implementation of the analgesia caused by immobilization stress. Methods: The study was performed on male Wistar rats at the Moscow state University named after M. V. Lomonosov. We studied effects of thymus peptides: thymuline (0.15 mg/kg), fraction 5 thymosin (0.25 microgram/kg) and tactivin (0.5 mg/kg) on pain sensitivity in rats using test «tail flick» without stress, with acute (3 h) and sub acute (12 h) immobilization stress. The comparison groups were animals treated with saline and spleen polypeptides. Results: It is shown that preparations of thymus increase the threshold of pain sensitivity in the intact animals. Immobilization stress duration 3 and 12 h in thymus peptides treated rats caused a less pronounced increase in pain threshold than in the control groups (immobilization stress 3 h: tactivin — р=0.025, thymuline — р=0.022, fraction 5 thymosin — р=0.033; immobilization stress 12 h: tactivin — р=0.034, thymuline — р=0.027, fraction 5 thymosin — р=0.036.). The opioid receptor blocker naloxone (1 mg/kg) did not completely block the stress-induced analgesia, indicating the presence of both opioid and non-opioid components in this state. In thymus peptides treated rats, opioid component was less pronounced than in the control groups (tactivin — р=0.031, thymuline — р=0.026, fraction 5 thymosin — р=0.029). Conclusion: Pre-activation of the opioid system by the thymus polypeptides leads to an increase in the share of non-opioid component of the stress-induced analgesia and prevents the depletion of the opioid system in immobilization stress. Цель исследования: исследовать влияние полипептидов тимуса на болевую чувствительность и определить роль опиоидной системы в реализации анальгезии, вызванной иммобилизационным стрессом. Методы: исследование выполнено на самцах крыс линии Wistar в Московском государственном университете им. М.В. Ломоносова. Изучено влияние пептидов тимуса: тимулина (0,15 мг/кг), фракции 5 тимозина (0,25 мкг/кг) и тактивина (0,5 мг/кг) на болевую чувствительность крыс с помощью теста отдергивания хвоста без стресса, при остром (3 ч) и подостром (12 ч) иммобилизационном стрессе. В контрольные группы были включены животные, получавшие физиологический раствор и полипептиды селезенки. По окончании тестирования снижали активность опиоидной системы налоксоном. Результаты: показано, что препараты тимуса увеличивают порог болевой чувствительности у интактных животных. Иммобилизационный стресс продолжительностью 3 и 12 ч на фоне пептидов тимуса вызывал менее выраженное увеличение порога болевой чувствительности, чем в контрольных группах (иммобилизация 3 ч: тактивин — р =0,025, тимулин — р =0,022, фракция 5 тимозина — р =0,033; иммобилизация 12 ч: тактивин — р =0,034, тимулин — р =0,027, фракция 5 тимозина — р =0,036). Блокатор опиоидных рецепторов налоксон (1 мг/кг) не полностью блокировал стресс-вызванную анальгезию, что свидетельствовало о наличии как опиоидного, так и неопиодного компонентов данного состояния. На фоне пептидов тимуса опиоидный компонент был менее выражен, чем в контрольных группах (тактивин — р =0,031, тимулин — р =0,026, фракция 5 тимозина — р =0,029). Заключение: предварительная активация опиоидной системы полипептидами тимуса приводит к увеличению доли неопиоидного компонента анальгезии при стрессировании и препятствует истощению опиоидной системы при иммобилизационном стрессе.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИММУНОАКТИВНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УСЛОВНОГО РЕФЛЕКСА ПАССИВНОГО ИЗБЕГАНИЯ

Aim: The objective of this project was to explore the influence of immunoactive drugs (tactivin, thymulin, and thymosin fraction 5) on the development of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex. Materials and methods: Two types of passive avoidance boxes were used — a regular two-chamber box and a modified three-chamber box, comprising a dark chamber in which rats were exposed to electrical shock, a safe dark chamber, and a light chamber in the center. Results: The project has established that the memory trace persists longer under the influence of the immunoactive drugs in both models, which is consistent with the reference nootropic piracetam test results. Notably, the immunoactive drugs' mnemotropic effect was more pronounced in the modified three-chamber box than in the standard two-chamber box. Using the modified box helped to establish the influence of tactivin, thymulin, and thymosin fraction 5 on the spatial memory component. Immunotropic preparations from thymus caused the animals to select the safe chamber 24 hours later and in subsequent tests. Conclusion: The project’s results indicate that the drugs tested do possess mnemotropic properties, so their range of clinical use can be broadened.Цель исследования: изучить влияние иммуноактивных препаратов (экстракта тимуса, тимулина и 5-й фракции тимозина) на формирование условного рефлекса пассивного избегания. Материалы и методы: в работе использовали установки для формирования условного рефлекса пассивного избегания — классическую двухкамерную и модифицированную трехкамерную, состоящую из темного отсека, где животное получало удар током, темного безопасного отсека и центрального светлого отсека. Результаты: в настоящей работе установлено более длительное сохранение памятного следа на фоне влияния иммуноактивных препаратов в обеих моделях, что сопоставимо с результатами эталонного применения ноотропного препарата пирацетама. Следует отметить, что по сравнению с классической моделью в модифицированной установке заметнее выражен мнемотропный эффект иммуноактивных препаратов. Использование модифицированной установки позволило установить влияние экстракта тимуса, тимулина и 5-й фракции тимозина на пространственный компонент памяти. Иммунотропные препараты тимуса привели к предпочтению заходов в безопасный отсек как через 24 ч, так и при последующих тестированиях. Выводы: полученные в настоящей работе данные указывают на наличие мнемотропных свойств у исследуемых препаратов, что в свою очередь позволяет расширить их спектр клинического применения

Quantum and Classical Noise in Practical Quantum Cryptography Systems based on polarization-entangled photons

Quantum-cryptography key distribution (QCKD) experiments have been recently reported using polarization-entangled photons. However, in any practical realization, quantum systems suffer from either unwanted or induced interactions with the environment and the quantum measurement system, showing up as quantum and, ultimately, statistical noise. In this paper, we investigate how ideal polarization entanglement in spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) suffers quantum noise in its practical implementation as a secure quantum system, yielding errors in the transmitted bit sequence. Because all SPDC-based QCKD schemes rely on the measurement of coincidence to assert the bit transmission between the two parties, we bundle up the overall quantum and statistical noise in an exhaustive model to calculate the accidental coincidences. This model predicts the quantum-bit error rate and the sifted key and allows comparisons between different security criteria of the hitherto proposed QCKD protocols, resulting in an objective assessment of performances and advantages of different systems.Comment: Rev Tex Style, 2 columns, 7 figures, (a modified version will appear on PRA

APPROXIMATION OF AN ELECTRIC SHOCK ABSORBER MATHEMATICAL MODEL PARAMETERS

The paper introduces a procedure of approximating polynomial calculation to allow identifying magnetic linkage and electromagnetic force of an electric shock absorber mathematical mode

Development of Intraverbal Communication Skills in Communication Groups for Children of Primary School Age with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The development of intraverbal communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is usually associated with significant difficulties in the acquiring of communicative roles. Based on the experience of practical work, the author’s method «Whirligig of Questions» was developed. The approbation of the method was carried out on a group of 11-years old children (n=8) having ASD, without significant intellectual disorders. The research used case-study design, the example of a child who recently joined the class is given in the present article. The main goal was to develop the skill of intraverbal communication of the new student. At the beginning and at the end of the study, sociometric measurements and diagnostics of the child’s communication skills were carried out using the ABLLS-R. 10 group meetings were held, one per week. With the help of sociometry, the observation method and interview of teachers and parents, it was found that the use of the «Whirligig of Questions» technique made it possible not only to develop the skills of intraverbal communication in the student, but also to achieve the cohesion of the children’s team. This technique, after additional testing, can be recommended for practical use in educational institutions with children without intellectual disorders and with fairly well-developed speech skills

OCT angiography for diagnosing and postoperative monitoring of serous maculopathy associated with optic disc pit

Background: Optic disc pits (ODP) usually present with the serous maculopathy found in 30% to 75% of these patients. Purpose: To demonstrate the potential of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for monitoring the natural and postoperative course of ODP maculopathy. Materials and Methods: We present a case of a 27-year-old female patient with serous maculopathy associated with optic disc pit. OCTA scans were obtained using RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Fremont, CA). The OCTA-based vessel density was assessed. The follow-up after presentation was 10 months. Results: The development of maculopathy in this case was found to be associated with penetration of liquor from the subarachnoidal space through the intermembranous spaces of the optic nerve. It is important to monitor the pathological areas found with the use of OCT and OCTA not only intraoperatively, but also postoperatively. Complete blockage of fluid tracts was achieved, evidencing the efficacy of treatment measures. A decrease in vessel densities of the superficial retinal plexus in the foveal and parafoveal regions of the affected eye was accompanied by deterioration of visual functions, and guided the choice of treatment strategy. OCTA enables monitoring of morphological changes before and after surgical treatment and assist in making a prognosis for visual function

Electrochemistry of Klason Lignin

AbstractThe possibility of the use of Klason lignin extracted from sunflower husks as a cathode-active material for primary lithium battery has been demonstrated for the first time. The chemical composition, morphological and physical features were characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical behavior of Klason lignin vs. Li/Li+ was studied by galvanostatic discharge and cyclic voltammetry. The reaction mechanism in electrochemical system was discussed. The maximum specific capacity of Klason lignin amounted to 380 mAh g–1 at a current density of 25mA g–1