Coronal Shock Waves, EUV Waves, and Their Relation to CMEs. III. Shock-Associated CME/EUV Wave in an Event with a Two-Component EUV Transient

On 17 January 2010, STEREO-B observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and white light a large-scale dome-shaped expanding coronal transient with perfectly connected off-limb and on-disk signatures. Veronig et al. (2010, ApJL 716, 57) concluded that the dome was formed by a weak shock wave. We have revealed two EUV components, one of which corresponded to this transient. All of its properties found from EUV, white light, and a metric type II burst match expectations for a freely expanding coronal shock wave including correspondence to the fast-mode speed distribution, while the transient sweeping over the solar surface had a speed typical of EUV waves. The shock wave was presumably excited by an abrupt filament eruption. Both a weak shock approximation and a power-law fit match kinematics of the transient near the Sun. Moreover, the power-law fit matches expansion of the CME leading edge up to 24 solar radii. The second, quasi-stationary EUV component near the dimming was presumably associated with a stretched CME structure; no indications of opening magnetic fields have been detected far from the eruption region.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Solar Physics, published online. The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co

Coronal Shock Waves, EUV waves, and Their Relation to CMEs. I. Reconciliation of "EIT waves", Type II Radio Bursts, and Leading Edges of CMEs

We show examples of excitation of coronal waves by flare-related abrupt eruptions of magnetic rope structures. The waves presumably rapidly steepened into shocks and freely propagated afterwards like decelerating blast waves that showed up as Moreton waves and EUV waves. We propose a simple quantitative description for such shock waves to reconcile their observed propagation with drift rates of metric type II bursts and kinematics of leading edges of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Taking account of different plasma density falloffs for propagation of a wave up and along the solar surface, we demonstrate a close correspondence between drift rates of type II bursts and speeds of EUV waves, Moreton waves, and CMEs observed in a few known events.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures. Solar Physics, published online. The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co

МАССИВНАЯ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕТЕРОТОПИЧЕСКАЯ ОССИФИКАЦИЯ КОЛЕННОГО СУСТАВА (СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ)

Heterotopic ossification is characterized by bone tissue formation in soft tissues that possess no osteogenic properties. The authors present a clinical case of a female patient with massive heterotopic ossification in anteromedial aspect of the right knee joint with 10 years history before admission for treatment. An abrupt knee hyperextension became a trigger mechanism for the present lesion. MR tomography demonstrated af ormation pushing off the healthy tissues along the anteromedial surface of the right joint. Computer tomography visualized a massive calcination of soft tissues. During the arthroscopic procedure the authors observed a formation of a dense consistency with round borders which demonstrated minor cohesion with surrounding tissues. The formation wasremoved. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological findings. Control x-rays in 6 months after the procedure verified absence of new areas of heterotopic ossification. Removal of ossificational lowed to obtain a good clinical outcome.Гетеротопическая оссификация — это состояние, характеризующееся формированием костной ткани в мягких тканях, которые не имеют остеогенных свойств. В статье представлен клинический случай лечения пациентки с массивной гетеротопической оссификацией в передне-медиальных отделах правого коленного сустава, которая возникла за 10 лет до обращения. Пусковым механизмом стало резкое переразгибание коленного сустава. На МРТ коленного сустава было выявлено образование, оттесняющее здоровые ткани по переднемедиальной поверхности правого коленного сустава. На КТ коленного сустава визуализирована массивная кальцинация мягких тканей. Во время артроскопической операции было обнаружено новообразование плотной консистенции, с округлыми краями, незначительно спаянное с окружающими тканями. Выполнено его удаление. Диагноз был подтвержден результатами гистологического исследования. На контрольных рентгенограммах через 6 мес. после операции новых очагов гетеротопической оссификации не выявлено. Удаление гетеротопического оссификата позволило получить хороший клинический результат

Massive Posttraumatic Heterotopic Ossification of Knee Joint (Case Report)

Heterotopic ossification is characterized by bone tissue formation in soft tissues that possess no osteogenic properties. The authors present a clinical case of a female patient with massive heterotopic ossification in anteromedial aspect of the right knee joint with 10 years history before admission for treatment. An abrupt knee hyperextension became a trigger mechanism for the present lesion. MR tomography demonstrated af ormation pushing off the healthy tissues along the anteromedial surface of the right joint. Computer tomography visualized a massive calcination of soft tissues. During the arthroscopic procedure the authors observed a formation of a dense consistency with round borders which demonstrated minor cohesion with surrounding tissues. The formation was removed. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological findings. Control x-rays in 6 months after the procedure verified absence of new areas of heterotopic ossification. Removal of ossificational lowed to obtain a good clinical outcome

Stabilization of acromioclavicular joint using DogBone dynamic system (Arthrex): A literature review and long-term follow-up

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate long-term follow-ups of stabilized acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations using button dynamic system applied via arthroscopic technique or mini-open. Material and methods The review included follow-ups of 40 patients (39 males, 1 female) who underwent 40 ACJ stabilization procedures with Arthrex DogBone button between 2014 and 2017 using arthroscopy (n = 28) or mini-open technique (n = 12). The mean age of the patients was 34 years (range, 15 to 59 years). Patient reported outcomes were evaluated with UCLA shoulder rating scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score and the Constant Shoulder Score (CSS). Coraco- Clavicular Distance (CCD) was measured on pre- and postoperative anteroposterior views. Postoperative AP view was used to measure Clavicular Tunnel Distance (CTD). Arthroscopy patients had available preoperative radiographs (n = 21), postoperative radiographs (n = 26) and patient reported outcomes (n = 18). Mini open group had available preoperative radiographs (n = 2), postoperative radiographs (n=8) and patient reported outcomes (n = 8). Results One hundred percent of Arthroscopy/Mini open (26/26) cases were rated as excellent and good on UCLA shoulder rating scale at a long-term follow-up. One hundred percent of Arthroscopy patients (18/18) were rated as excellent and good; 75 % (6/8) of Mini-open cases evaluated as excellent and 25 % (2/8) as good on ASES shoulder score. Sixty seven percent of Arthroscopy (12/18) patients were rated as excellent and 33 % (6/18) as good; 62 % (5/8) of Mini open cases evaluated as excellent and 38 % (3/8) as good. Neither fair nor poor results were observed in both groups. No statistically significant differences were detected in median scores between Arthroscopy and Miniopen groups (p > 0.05). Preoperative radiographs showed Tossy grade IV dislocation (n = 3) and Tossy grade III (n = 20). Distal clavicle fracture was diagnosed in 2 cases. Median preoperative CCD radiologically measured 15.5 mm in both groups (n = 23). Median postoperative CCD and CTD radiologically measured 6.12 mm and 28.9 mm in both groups (n = 35), correspondingly. Decrease in postoperative CCD was significantly different (p = 0.0003). No statistically significant differences in postoperative CCD were detected between Arthroscopy and Miniopen groups (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in preoperative CCD were observed in both groups (n = 15) using weight-bearing/no weight-bearing AP views (P = 0.0009). Conclusion Stabilization of dislocated ACJ with dynamic systems is the method of choice providing excellent and good outcomes rated by UCLA rating scale, ASES shoulder score and CSS at long-term follow-up. One-stage surgical treatment is an advantage of dynamic systems with no need of construct removal. Standard and weighted stress radiographs of the involved side indicate to ACJ injury in comparison with contralateral side. Further research is needed for a longer term follow-up with the bone reduction maintained with dynamic system. © Ryazantsev M.S., Il'in D.O., Rybin K.E., Magnitskaya N.E., A.P. Afanasyev, Logvinov A.N., Korolev A.V., 2018

Massive Posttraumatic Heterotopic Ossification of Knee Joint (Case Report)

Heterotopic ossification is characterized by bone tissue formation in soft tissues that possess no osteogenic properties. The authors present a clinical case of a female patient with massive heterotopic ossification in anteromedial aspect of the right knee joint with 10 years history before admission for treatment. An abrupt knee hyperextension became a trigger mechanism for the present lesion. MR tomography demonstrated af ormation pushing off the healthy tissues along the anteromedial surface of the right joint. Computer tomography visualized a massive calcination of soft tissues. During the arthroscopic procedure the authors observed a formation of a dense consistency with round borders which demonstrated minor cohesion with surrounding tissues. The formation was removed. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological findings. Control x-rays in 6 months after the procedure verified absence of new areas of heterotopic ossification. Removal of ossificational lowed to obtain a good clinical outcome

Anthropometric data and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons measured with preoperative MRI to predict graft diameter for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft is a safe and reproducible surgery with good functional outcomes. Currently there is no consensus on capability of graft diameter planning. Objectives To investigate the influence of anthropometric data and cross-sectional area of semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (GR) tendons according to preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on intraoperative graft diameter. Material and methods The study included 111 consecutive patients (69 men and 42 women), who underwent ACL reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring autograft between 2015 to 2018. Height, weight and BMI were recorded in all patients preoperatively. Semitendinosus and gracilis tendons cross sectional areas (CSAst and CSAgr, respectively) were evaluated on preoperative MRI axial images. We also calculated doubled and quadrupled graft diameters (CSAst+gr and CSA4p, respectively) based on obtained MRI data. Collection of intraoperative data included length of each tendon separately, length and diameter of the resulting autograft. We used linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The cross-sectional areas were correlated to antropometric and intraoperative data. Using logistic regression, we determined the probability of obtaining a graft diameter of ≥ 7.5 mm. A critical level of statistical significance was set as 5 % (p ≤ 0.05). Results The median age accounted 37.4 ± 0.89 (13–58) years, height – 174.6 ± 0.84 (156-200) cm, weight – 78.5 ± 1.52 (45-120) kg, BMI – 25.6 ± 0.37 (18.49‑41.5). Intraoperatively GR average length was 224.7 ± 3.06 (80-340) mm, ST – 256.3 ± 2.97 (160-340) mm, quadrupled graft – 111.3 ± 1.42 (80–140) mm. The most common graft diameter was 7 mm in females and 7.5 mm in males. We found strong positive correlation between graft diameter and CSA4p, СSAst+gr, CSAst, weight and height. Linear regression showed that graft diameter was influenced by CSA4p, СSAst+gr, CSAst and height. If CSA4p was ≥ 72 mm2, the probability of obtaining a graft of ≥ 7.5 mm at the time of surgery reached 90.6 %. Conclusion CSA4p may be used as a predictive characteristic for graft diameter preoperative planning. Our findings show that graft diameter was mainly influenced by height, СSAst+gr, CSAst and CSA4p. © Ryazantsev M.S., Magnitskaya N.E., Zaripov A.R., Logvinov A.N., Ilyin D.O., Afanasyev A.P., Frolov A.V., Korolev A.V., 202

Long-term results of medical treatment for lower extremity stress fractures [Отдаленные результаты консервативного лечения стрессовых переломов костей нижних конечностей]

Objective: to assess the long-term results of medical treatment for lower extremity stress fractures. Subjects and methods. Fifty-five patients who had received a medical treatment cycle in the European Clinic of Sports Traumatology and Orthopedics (ECSTO) in the period 2010 to 2016 were followed up. The patients' mean age was 37 (range 15-65) years. Among them, there were 36 (65%) females and 19 (35%) males. The long-term results of treatment were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scale (ADL + sport modules) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) scales. Results and discussion. Assessing the degree of stress adjustment according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on visiting, in accordance with the classification proposed by E.A. Arendt et al., revealed grades 2, 3, and 4 injuries in 10 (18%), 14 (26%), and 16 (29%) patients, respectively. The median time from the moment of visiting before assessment according to the orthopedic scales was 3 years (1 to 7 years). The second and third metatarsals underwent stress adjustment in 25 (47%) patients. The cause of stress adjustment was most often running (38%), less often walking (29%), playing sports (18%), fitness (9%), and other types of physical activity (6%). Assessing the scores for the FAAM ADL and FAAM sport subscales showed that the median was 100 [96; 100]% and 100 [91; 100]%, respectively. Estimating the scores for the LEFS scale revealed excellent, good, and satisfactory results in 48 (87%), 6 (11%), and in 1 (2%) patients, respectively. Conclusion. The most common cause of lower extremity stress fractures is running. These changes respond well to medical treatment, which includes injured limb overuse, physiotherapy, and individual ankle-foot orthosis. © 2020 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved