Car driver attitude towards road safety measures

Road traffic accidents (RTA) constituted a severe public problem in all countries of the world. Roughly about 1.5 million people around the world die in traffic-related accidents. Its absolute impact is exacerbated by the fact that RTA have become the leading cause of death, especially among young adults who constitute the most economically productive age groups of the larger society. Road traffic accidents also prove to be an issue of economic and social. More than 70% of the injuries and victims of accidents were in low and middle-income countries. The integral role of knowledge and practice of road safety measures necessitate further emphasis in the RTA prevention. The present study seeks to evaluate the road safety measures’ knowledge among car drivers in Tripoli-Libya. A total of 389 drivers had taken in this study. A questionnaire was used to gather some relevant information from the participants. The data collected was run in analysis using SPSS version 19. From the 389 drivers, 310 (79.7%) were male and 79 (20.3%) female. The study results have shown that gender differences in attitudes towards traffic law indicate that there is no significant difference between both sexes. Female had a marginally higher awareness than males with regard to certain substantial issues such as eating, drinking or smoking while driving and using cassette / radio or using the telephone while driving were particularly significant ( P-value = 0.04). Explanations and results of the behaviors of the drivers about safety measures on the roads are discussed

An efficient eco advanced oxidation process for phenol mineralization using a 2D/3D nanocomposite photocatalyst and visible light irradiations

Nanocomposites (CNTi) with different mass ratios of carbon nitride (C3N4) and TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally. Different characterization techniques were used including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). UV-Vis DRS demonstrated that the CNTi nanocomposites exhibited absorption in the visible light range. A sun light-simulated photoexcitation source was used to study the kinetics of phenol degradation and its intermediates in presence of the as-prepared nanocomposite photocatalysts. These results were compared with studies when TiO2 nanoparticles were used in the presence and absence of H2O2 and/or O3. The photodegradation of phenol was evaluated spectrophotometrically and using the total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. It was observed that the photocatalytic activity of the CNTi nanocomposites was significantly higher than that of TiO2 nanoparticles. Additionally, spectrophotometry and TOC analyses confirmed that degraded phenol was completely mineralized to CO2 and H2O with the use of CNTi nanocomposites, which was not the case for TiO2 where several intermediates were formed. Furthermore, when H2O2 and O3 were simultaneously present, the 0.1% g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite showed the highest phenol degradation rate and the degradation percentage was greater than 91.4% within 30 min. 1 2017 The Author(s).Scopu

Development of roundabout delay models using traffic simulation programs: a case study at Al-Mansour City, Iraq

Due to the increased number of vehicles, shopping centers and rapid growth population of Al-Mansour city, daily trips have been increasing besides generating traffic congestion in major roundabouts in the city. Those will make developing an imperial delay model in roundabouts important due to the traffic and geometric influences. Therefore, two major roundabouts have been selected in the city to be taken as a case study. Geometric features for the selected roundabouts have been measured accurately by satellite images via ArcGIS. Traffic and geometric data analysis indicate that both are significantly important on delay models. The delay time produced by SIDRA and SYNCHRO has been compared with the delay time measured from the field. A significant difference in delay for roundabouts is noticed. This difference could be attributed to the difference in driver behaviour. Ideal saturation flow is the main factor related to driver behaviour, so it adjusted to be the average of the saturation flow measured from the field (2200 vphgpl)

Comparative Efficiency of Genetically Dissimilar and Heat Stable live Newcastle Disease Vaccines against Velogenic NDV-Genotype VII

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is accountable for causing one of the most contagious avian diseases in poultry, resulting in substantial financial losses worldwide. Both genotype I and II vaccines are commonly used for live NDV vaccination, particularly in broiler flocks. Recent years have witnessed a significant surge in the number of Newcastle disease outbreaks in Egyptian poultry broiler flocks, demonstrating the evolving nature of NDV infections and raising concerns regarding the effectiveness of existing NDV vaccination programs. In our study, a total of 200 one-day-old commercial chicks were divided into six groups, including unvaccinated group and five vaccinated groups. To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of commonly used NDV vaccines against the prevalent Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease Virus (vvNDV), The birds were administered live vaccines LaSota (Genotype II) and I2 (Genotype I) either as a single booster or a double booster after the initial priming with the HB1 vaccine. The comparative protective efficiency of all vaccine regimens assessment was based on clinical evaluation, observation of survival rates, and examination of viral shedding following vvNDV challenge. We also, evaluated the immune response to live vaccination by weekly monitoring of IgG specific antibodies’ levels in test sera.  Our findings validated that the use of multiple live NDV vaccines can offer protection against the clinical symptoms of velogenic NDV, enhance protective immunity, and reduce the virus shedding after a challenge. The inclusion of heat stable I2 vaccine could be precious in the view of earth heating and weather change

Using spike model to reduce traffic congestion and improve public transportation in Malaysia

In this study, passengers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for and willingness to accept (WTA) improved public transportation and shift to public transportation in Malaysia were examined. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the factors or transport attributes that affect passenger WTA and WTP to shift to public transportation. The adopted methodology was based on a contingent valuation (CV) survey, which was conducted on a representative sample of a cross section in residents of Kajang, in Malaysia. This CV primary survey elicited the demand of passengers for improved public transportation. The spike model was adopted to avoid estimation errors caused by a large percentage of respondents who were unwilling to pay and accept at all. The estimation results showed that the best reduction rate for both travel time and cost was 45% among other amounts that range from 15% to 75%. The best parking cost increment was US$0.30 and the average WTP is US$0.68

Study of identified particle ratios using cosmic rays Monte-Carlo models in pp collisions at s=0.9 and 7 TeV

Cosmic rays with high energies can be studied only by measuring the extensive air showers of particles produced in the upper atmosphere. A complete simulation is required to know the primary particle properties, which is possible by studying the modeling of hadronic particle production at the generator level. In this connection, we report the yield ratios π−/π+, K−/K+, p̄/p (same particles ratio), p/π, p/K, and K/π (different particles ratio) with pseudorapidity (η) in pp collisions at s = 0.9 and 7 TeV using models being used for extensive air shower simulation. The ratios were measured at the following transverse momentum (pT) regions; low pT; 0 1.2 GeV/c and at different pseudorapidity (η) range of 3.0 < η < 4.5 and 2.5 < η < 4.5. These results are then compared with the data from the LHCb experiment. The ratio of π−/π+ from various model predictions agrees with the measurements at both energies at almost all pT and η regions. There is a reasonable agreement in K−/K+ and p̄/p ratios of model and experimental data at s = 900 GeV except few pT and η regions, in which the models do not describe the experimental data adequately. However, almost all the models fully describe the K−/K+ and p̄/p ratios at s = 7 TeV except few pT and η regions. Moreover, none of the models completely reproduce the different particle ratios at s = 900 GeV, with Pythia and EPOS producing better results. On the other hand, in most cases, the models’ predictions for the different particle ratios are consistent with experimental data s = 7 TeV. These kinds of studies will certainly help tune the Monte-Carlo generators being used for the studies of the hadron productions at various energies