Modelling of the effects of thermal gradients on optical propagation in polymer multimode tapered waveguides in optical backplanes

Finite difference beam propagation modelling (FD-BPM) calculates the effect of thermal gradients in an optical backplane on the optical field propagation in a polymer multimode linearly tapered waveguide. Compared to straight waveguides, tapered entrances offer improved power coupling for a wide range of optical source lateral offset misalignments. However, surface temperature gradients of 0.5 degrees C/um across the taper were found to degrade this benefit due to the thermo-optic effect of the polymer. Higher surface temperature gradients improve power coupling in two discrete ranges of lateral source offset but the original tolerance to a wide range of source offsets is not recovered

POVERTY REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH: ABSENCE OF A NATIONAL FRAMEWORK, AN ABUNDANCE OF DONORS’ STRATEGIES

The paper highlights the problem that Bangladesh has never had a homegrown holistic dynamic strategic framework to combat poverty nor has a clearly articulated operational approach been developed to address the issue. Rather, agendas for poverty alleviation had remained largely donor driven and Bangladesh has been exposed to a plethora of advice and assistance from its development partners for the purpose of alleviating poverty.Poverty Reduction, Poverty, Bangladesh

The Neuro Engraftment and Neuroregenerative effects of Hydrogen Sulphide Donor, Intracerebral MSCs, Ginko Biloba and Kefir in Attenuating Neuropathological hallmarks of Lipopolysaccharide induced Alzheimer’s disease Rat models

Background: Memory disorders have been characterized by being a devastating long term incurable diseases with a huge social impact in addition to a diminished efficient available medical treatments. Deep Brain stimulation via using neuroprotective inducers for treatment of brain structure degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be considered as being a promising successful therapy due to its various targets and underlying mechanisms for improving brain dysfunction. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to suggest therapeutic protocol having the potentials for restoring normal neurons diverse population and modifying neuropathological deposited hallmarks including both positive and negative lesions. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into nine groups: (G1) control ;(G2) rats received LPS as a method of inducing nongenetically manipulated AD;(G3)AD rats received NaHS;(G4) AD rats received MSCs intracerebrally;(G5) AD rats received MSCs+NaHS;(G6)AD rats received kefir+GB;(G7)AD rats received MSCs+kefir+GB;(G8)AD rats received NaHS+kefir+GB; (G9) AD rats received MSCs+NaHS+kefir+GB. Results: AD induction resulted in down-regulation of CBS expression and GSH brain tissue level accompanied with overexpression in amyloid-? protein, MAPK, tau protein, ACAT expression and MDA brain tissue level in addition to elevated caspase-3 serum level. Conclusion: The implantation of amyloid reliving therapy that do have a wide clinical impact if initiated at benign plaques stage before irreversible brain damage occurs. The following effects have been observed following the administration of suggested medical protocol where a decrease in AD pathological deposited hallmarks has been observed with maintaining inflammatory brain factors by functioning as a potent neuroregenerative

Genomic–transcriptomic evolution in lung cancer and metastasis

Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) fuels lung cancer evolution, which leads to immune evasion and resistance to therapy1. Here, using paired whole-exome and RNA sequencing data, we investigate intratumour transcriptomic diversity in 354 non-small cell lung cancer tumours from 347 out of the first 421 patients prospectively recruited into the TRACERx study2,3. Analyses of 947 tumour regions, representing both primary and metastatic disease, alongside 96 tumour-adjacent normal tissue samples implicate the transcriptome as a major source of phenotypic variation. Gene expression levels and ITH relate to patterns of positive and negative selection during tumour evolution. We observe frequent copy number-independent allele-specific expression that is linked to epigenomic dysfunction. Allele-specific expression can also result in genomic–transcriptomic parallel evolution, which converges on cancer gene disruption. We extract signatures of RNA single-base substitutions and link their aetiology to the activity of the RNA-editing enzymes ADAR and APOBEC3A, thereby revealing otherwise undetected ongoing APOBEC activity in tumours. Characterizing the transcriptomes of primary–metastatic tumour pairs, we combine multiple machine-learning approaches that leverage genomic and transcriptomic variables to link metastasis-seeding potential to the evolutionary context of mutations and increased proliferation within primary tumour regions. These results highlight the interplay between the genome and transcriptome in influencing ITH, lung cancer evolution and metastasis

تحضير الكاربون المنشط من مخلفات البولي بروبلين وقشور الجوز باستخدام فرن المايكرويف

في هذا البحث حضر الكاربون المنشط ذو الحجم الحبيبي في المدى المايكروي والمدى النانوي من قشور الجوز واجريت عملية الكربنة باستخدام فرن المايكرويف ومن ثم استعمل محلول (%50) من حامض الفسفوريك مع المادة المكربنة وبأزمان مختلفة (2,4,8,16,24) ساعة لتحديد الزمن الأفضل لعملية التنشيط في هذا البحث ، وبعد ذلك اضيفت نسب وزنية مختلفة من مخلفات بولي بروبلين عند زمن (8) ساعة وكانت النسب 0.05):,1 0.1:,1 0.15:0.2 ,1: (1:0.25 ,1 للمضاف البوليمري ومسحوق قشور الجوز على التوالي, وقد تبين ان كفاءة وجودة النماذج المحضرة تزداد عند استخدام المضاف البوليمري في عملية تحضير الكاربون المنشط , وقد اجريت العديد من الفحوصات الخاصة بالكاربون المنشط لتحديد مواصفات وكفاءة النماذج المحضرة ومنها امتزاز صبغة المثيلين الزرقاء من محلولها المائي وقياس العدد اليودي بالإضافة الى  اجراء قياسات الكثافة، ونسبة الرماد ,ومحتوى الرطوبة. كما تم تشخيص النماذج المحضرة بوساطة المجهر الإلكتروني ذو المجال المنبعث (FSEM)، وتشتت الأشعة السينية (EDX) .</jats:p

Platelet induced hepatocellular carcinoma HEPG2 cell proliferation and angiogenic potential is integrin IIb3 dependent.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world, leading to an estimated one million deaths annually. Although several treatment options are available, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor, largely due to rapid metastasis. Liver cancers are often highly vascularized, and both experimental and clinical data indicate that the progression of HCC is associated with increased angiogenesis, aiding in their metastatic potential. The vascular nature of HCCs gives them ample opportunity to recruit and interact with platelets. Platelets bind to cancer cells through a range of receptors including the integrin aIIbb3, which is upregulated by platelet derived ADP and thromboxane A2 (TxA2). When activated, platelets release a large array of cytokines and growth factors that may induce angiogenesis and aid in the migration, invasion and proliferation of a range of tumour cells, but it is unclear if they support HCC progression. Identifying the roles platelets play in enhancing HCC proliferation and metastatic potential could provide novel treatment strategies to target HCC