Functional disorders of the biliary tract in children: issues of diagnosis and correction from the position of the Rome IV criteria

More than 80 % of children with digestive system di­seases have various disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Given the fact that in the pediatric population, abnormalities or structural features of the bile ducts and gallbladder are being detected more often, it is recommended to differentiate dyskinesias by functional state of the biliary system — hypomotor (hypokinetic) and hypermotor (hyperkinetic). According to many authors, the most common children’s form is hypermotor (hyperkinetic) dyskinesia. Violations of synchronization in the work of the gastrointestinal tract and sphincter apparatus underlie the functional disorders of the biliary tract (FDBT) and are the cause of clinical symptoms. To date, there are general non-drug and drug-based approaches to the treatment of FDBT and algorithms recommended in Rome IV criteria. Pharmacotherapy should be aimed at relieving smooth muscle spasm and restoring motor activity of the gallbladder, as well as at normali­zing the rheological properties of the bile. Given the above relevance of therapy for FDBT, our attention was attracted by the combined dietary supplement of Viador syrup. The aim of our study was to modify therapeutic approaches to the correction of the functional pathology of the biliary tract and the feasibility of using the combined Viador phytopreparation in the main treatment regimens. This research confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of the combined herbal remedy Viador which has a number of useful qualities differentiating it among other herbal preparations whose effectiveness has been proven by positive clinical dynamics, additional research methods. That allows you to widely use it in the treatment of FDBT

Diarrhea in young children: clinical picture, diagnosis, principles of therapy

Many diseases in infants and young children are accompanied by the development of diarrheal syndrome. As a result, there are organic lesions and functional disorders in the intestine. It is well known fact that 1.4 billion children under 5 years in the world suffer from acute diarrhea, and 123 million of them are forced to seek medical help urgently, 9 million require inpatient care, and 1.8 million children die from dehydration. In this connection, the choice of therapeutic regimen remains urgent. Medications that slow intestinal motility (loperamide) are contraindicated in acute diarrhea in children, since the risk of side effects including ileus, drowsiness, nausea (mortality to 1 %) is high. Probiotics are living microbial drugs commonly used to prevent acute diarrhea. A large number of researches have been conducted, and results of meta-analyzes have been published that have revealed the effect of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) in reducing the duration of diarrhea in children with acute gastroenteritis. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is one of the three bacteria in the world, which is better characterized at the molecular-biological level, the most investigated non-pathogenic and genetically stable strain in the world with 100-year history, having a genetic map, the genome of which is completely sequenced, genetic loci are deterministic. The product is included into the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ). The purpose of our study was to improve the therapeutic approaches to the correction of diarrheal syndrome using Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) in the main treatment regimens. Seventy four children were examined and divided into two groups: the first group — children with diarrheal syndrome, who additionally received Mutaflor from the first day, the second group — children with diarrheal syndrome, who received traditional therapy. As a result of the study, the data were obtained proving the effectiveness of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) in the treatment of diarrhea in young children, its beneficial effect not only on intestinal microflora and normalization of intestinal kinetics, but also on faster improvement of clinical symptoms, which allows recommending it to children from the first months of life

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

Aim The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. Methods This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. Results Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

Aim The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. Methods This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. Results Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease.Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie