Science Lectures in the Arctic's "Science City": Barrow, Alaska

... Beginning in spring 2002, the Science division of the Utqiagvik Iñupiat Corporation (UIC), Barrow's local village corporation, took over the renovated original powerhouse building at the Northern Arctic Research Laboratory, formerly the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL). The newly named UIC Science Center, about three miles north of Barrow, has become the venue for a number of programs. One is the Barrow Schoolyard lecture series, funded under the Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) program of the National Science Foundation, which includes a science-education outreach component. Toolik Station, an LTER base on Alaska's North Slope, did not have a community associated with it. Under the urging of Dr. Jerry Brown, Barrow was appointed as the location for the Schoolyard Project. The program teams scientists with local teachers for public presentations of the researchers' projects or areas of interest, and is administered by the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (BASC). ... A main objective of the Schoolyard Project talks is to make them attractive to students. The Schoolyard funds have also been used to sponsor an ongoing series of tundra experiments involving small greenhouses and fertilizers, similar to those being run at Toolik Lake. ... While it is too soon to measure results, clearly the injection of high-quality science into the community will have a positive effect on science education in the local schools. The hope of NSF and the local scientists is to make science accessible and useful to the community and to stimulate young people to consider a career in science

Providing anti-retroviral therapy in the context of self-perceived stigma: a mixed methods study from Tanzania

Adherence to anti-retroviral treatment (ART) has been a significant step towards improving quality of life among people living with HIV. However, stigma has been described to influence adherence to ART. A cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted to explore factors related to stigma and perceived influence of stigma on adherence to treatment amongst ART-prescribed patients and health care providers, respectively in Tanzania. Stigma was assessed through interviewer administered survey among 295 patients. The results from patients showed that 279/295 (95%) were satisfied with the services provided at the Care and Treatment Centres (CTCs). The set up of CTCs 107/295 (36%), and queuing at the CTCs 88/295 (30%) were associated with stigma (P<0.001). The perceived influence of stigma on adherence to ART was assessed using focus group discussions (FGDs) of 33 health care providers (HCPs). Through FGDs, HCPs perceived the set up of CTCs as friendly yet violated confidentiality. The HCPs reported that ART-prescribed patients hide identifiable cards to avoid being recognised by other people. Some patients were reported to rush to avoid familiar faces, and due to the rush they picked wrong medicines. Also some patients were reported to throw away manufacturers’ box with dosage instructions written on the box, resulting in use of doses contrary to the prescriptions.  We conclude that despite the fact that most patients were satisfied with the services provided at the CTCs, it is important that HCPs provide dosage instructions on another piece of paper or use disposable bags. A common dispensing window for all patients regardless of the diagnosis may be useful to minimize stigma. Also HCPs may introduce appointment system to avoid long queue at the CTCs.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH KUNJUNGAN DAN NILAI EKONOMI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH KUNJUNGAN DAN NILAI EKONOMI KEBUN RAYA BOGORYuzuardi Haban, Rosalina A.M. Koleangan, George M.V. KawungFakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Magister Ilmu EkonomiUniversitas Sam Ratulangi, ManadoABSTRAK Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan, tujuan yang pertama untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan individu ke Kebun Raya Bogor dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda, faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain biaya perjalanan (travel cost), pendapatan (income), umur (age), tingkat pendidikan (education), persepsi kualitas (quality) dan pengaruh substitusi (substitution) tempat wisata sejenis. Tujuan yang kedua adalah untuk mengestimasi nilai ekonomi Kebun Raya Bogor dengan  menggunakan salah satu metode penilaian ekonomi yaitu Travel Cost Method (TCM) atau metode biaya perjalanan, sebuah metode berdasarkan survei yang menggunakan biaya perjalanan ke suatu lokasi tujuan untuk mengestimasi fungsi permintaan akan lokasi tersebut. Dengan menerapkan fungsi permintaan dalam model regresi hubungan antara jumlah kunjungan dan variabel yang mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan dapat diperoleh. Hal ini membuat metode travel cost memungkinkan untuk mengestimasi surplus konsumen yang nilainya digunakan untuk mewakili nilai ekonomi Kebun Raya Bogor. Objek penelitian yang dipilih adalah Kebun Raya Bogor yang merupakan salah satu obyek wisata terkenal di Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sejumlah 100 pengunjung Kebun Raya Bogor. Kata kunci: Penilaian Ekonomi, Travel Cost Method, Tempat Wisata, Surplus KonsumenABSTRACT This study has two objectives, the first objective was to determine the influence of the factors suspected to affect the number of individual visits to the Bogor Botanical Garden by using multiple regression analysis, these factors include travel cost, income, age, education level, perceived quality and substitution effect similar sites. The second objective is to estimate the economic value of the Bogor Botanical Gardens using one of the methods of economic assessment is Travel Cost Method (TCM), a method based on a survey using the cost of traveling to a destination for estimating function will request that location. By applying the demand function in the regression model the relationship between the number of visits and the variables that influence the number of visits can be obtained. This makes the travel cost method allows to estimate the consumer surplus value is used to represent the economic value of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. The selected research object is the Bogor Botanical Garden which is one of the famous sights of the city of Bogor, West Java Province. The data used in this study using a sample of 100 visitors Bogor Botanical Gardens. Keywords: Economic Evaluation, Travel Cost Method, Tourism, Consumer Surplu

Overpressure/ Depositional Analysis of Parts of Onshore (X-Field) Niger Delta Basin Nigeria, Based on Well Logs Data

Overpressure in the world’s sedimentary basins are known to be allied with permeability barriers, tectonics, shale digenesis, basin structure and undercompaction factors. The Niger Delta basin has many overpressured zones with different depositional enviroments. This study was done using six drilled wells log suits in an x- field (Gama ray log, deep induction log, Density log, and sonic log). The data was acquired from Cheveron Nigeria Ltd in ascii softcopy format, which was analysed using both manual method and computer processed interactive petrophysics (IP) version 3.6 software. The logs were loaded and printed to hardcopies and digitization done at 5m interval to extract the data across the log suits. Characteristic curve patterns along the gamma log were delineated for shape patterns such as bell shape, funnel shape, and blocky to reveal paleoenviroments of the study area. The results indicate twenty one (21) overpressure zones within the wells, three (3) subsurface overpressure zones are correlated across the wells at depth interval between 3000m – 3200m for wells A,B,C,D,E and 2900m – 3000m for wells E and C , and 3600m – 3700m for wells C and F respectively,these overpressured zones occurred within a dominantly fluvial channel with minor detlaic distribution and barrier bar complexes. The areas identified as overpressured zones should be critically  examined during drilling to avoid rig blow outs

PERBANDINGAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SISKEUDES DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN DESA

ABSTRAKKeuangan Desa adalah semua hak dan kewajiban Desa yang dapat dinilai dengan uang serta segala sesuatu berupa uang dan barang yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban Desa. Peran  dan  fungsi  aparat  pengawasan  intern  pemerintah  (APIP) khususnya BPKP dalam  rangka  membantu  pemerintah desa diantaranya melakukan pengawalan dalam pemberian bimbingan dan konsultasi terkait pengelolaan keuangan desa. Untuk bisa melaksanakan bimbingan dimaksud, diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para auditor mengenai pengelolaan keuangan desa.  Untuk mencapai tujuan di atas, BPKP telah menerbitkan Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konsultasi Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa pada Bulan April 2015. Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPKP) juga mengeluarkan Aplikasi Sistem Keuangan Desa (SISKEUDES). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan aplikasi SISKEUDES dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa dan dampaknya terhadap pembangunan Desa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian komparasi atau perbandingan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 38 Responden yang terdiri dari 19 bendahara dan 19 Kasie Keuangan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dan menggunakan teknik analisis data Paired Sample t-test.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan aplikasi SISKEUDES di pada Desa-desa di Kecamatan Sonder, terdapat perbedaan pengelolaan keuangan desa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan aplikasi SISKEUDES di pada Desa-desa di Kecamatan Sonder dan terdapat perbedaan pembangunan desa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan aplikasi SISKEUDES di pada Desa-desa di Kecamatan Sonder. Kata kunci: keuangan desa, siskeudes, pengelolaan keuangan desa, pembangunan desa ABSTRACTVillage Finance is all village rights and obligations that can be valued with money and everything in the form of money and goods related to the implementation of the rights and obligations of the Village. The role and function of the government internal control apparatus (APIP) especially the BPKP in order to help village governments include escorting in providing guidance and consultation regarding village financial management. To be able to carry out the intended guidance, it is necessary to increase the auditor's knowledge and skills regarding village financial management. To achieve the above objectives, the BPKP has issued a Guidance for Implementation and Village Financial Management Consultation in April 2015. The Supreme Audit Agency (BPKP) also issued a Village Financial System Application (SISKEUDES). The purpose of this study was to determine the differences before and after using the SISKEUDES application in managing village finances and their impact on the development of the Village. This research is a type of comparative research or comparison. The sample in this study amounted to 38 respondents consisting of 19 treasurers and 19 Head of Finance. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and using data analysis techniques Paired Sample t-test. The results showed that there were differences before and after using the SISKEUDES application in the villages in Sonder District, there were differences in village financial management before and after using the SISKEUDES application in the villages in Sonder District and there were differences in village development before and after using the application SISKEUDES is in Villages in Sonder District. Keywords: village finance, siskeudes, village financial management, village development

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KUALITAS PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DI DINAS PARIWISATA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

ABSTRAKPengawasan adalah suatu upaya yang sistematik untuk menetapkan kinerja standar pada perencanaan untuk merancang sistem umpan balik informasi, untuk membandingkan kinerja aktual dengan standar yang telah ditentukan, untuk menetapkan apakah telah terjadi suatu penyimpangan tersebut, serta untuk mengambil tindakan perbaikan yang diperlukan untuk menjamin bahwa semua sumber daya telah digunakan seefektif dan seefisien mungkin guna mencapai tujuan instansi pemerintah. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengawasan keuangan daerah antara lain kompetensi, independensi dan motivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi, independensi dan motivasi terhadap kualitas pengawasan keuangan baik secara parsial maupun simultan. .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Kompetensi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Pengawasan Keuangan Pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Sulut, secara parsial Independensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Pengawasan Keuangan Pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Sulut, secara parsial Motivasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Pengawasan Keuangan Pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Sulut dan secara simultan Kompetensi, Independensi dan Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Pengawasan Keuangan Pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Sulut. Kata kunci : kualitas pengawasan keuangan, kompetensi, independensi, motivasiABSTRACTSupervision is a systematic attempt in order to establish the default performance of  a predetermined plan to design feedback of information system, to compare the actual performance to the default standard, in order to know whether there has been a deviation, as well to take a repair action which needed to ensure that all the resources of the fund have been used effectively and efficiently in accomplishing government goals. Factors that may affect the regional financial supervision are Competences, Independences and Motivation. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Competence, Independence and Motivation toward the Quality of Regional Financial Supervision either partially or simultaneously. The results of this research showed that partially, Competence and Motivation have no significant influence to the Quality of Financial Supervision at Dinas Pariwisata of North Sulawesi province, while partially in Independence variable, it has a significant influence to the Quality of Financial Supervision at Dinas Pariwisata of North Sulawesi Province. Simultaneously, Competence, Independence and Motivation are significantly influence the Quality of Financial Supervision at Dinas Pariwisata of North Sulawesi Province. Keywords: financial supervision quality, competence, independence, motivation

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DAN PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN PASAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA

ABSTRAKDalam mendukung terciptanya kepemerintahan yang baik (good governance), dan pemerintahan yang bersih (Clean Government) di tingkat pemerintah desa maka perlu dilakukan pengawasan dan pemeriksaan keuangan atas belanja dana desa. Hal ini dilakukan  untuk menilai apakah  dana desa tersebut telah dibuat berdasarkan prioritas pembangunan dan menilai aspek ekonomis, efisiensi, efektifitas, serta kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan. Akuntabilitas dan transparansi yang merupakan perwujudan praktik tata kelola yang bersih (good governance) dalam pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah pusat maupun daerah sebagai oorganisasi sektor publik merupakan tujuan penting dari reformasi akuntansi dan administrasi sektor publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana desa serta hambatan-hambatan dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana desa di Kecamatan Pasan. Metode  yang  digunakan  adalah  metode penelitian  deskriptif  kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa anggaran, sumber daya manusia dan sistem informasi secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas penganggaran. Begitu juga secara parsial anggaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas penganggaran, sumber daya manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas penganggaran dan sistem informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas penganggaran. Pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana desa di Kecamatan Pasan efektif karena semua hasil berpengaruh signifikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa tanpa adanya anggaran desa maka kemampuan pemerintah desa untuk melakukan pembangunan di desa akan sangat terbatas. Kemudian setelah tersediannya dana desa maka sumber daya manusia yang akan mengelola dan sistem informasi yang digunakanpun sangat penting dalam pengeloaan dan pemanfaatan dana desa oleh desa-desa di Kecamatan Pasan Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Jadi anggaran, sumber daya manusia dan sistem informasi itu sendiri bisa menjadi hambatan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana desa di Kecamatan Pasan.Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Dana Desa, Keuangan Desa ABSTRACTIn supporting the creation of good governance, and clean government at the village government level, it is necessary to supervise and audit the expenditure of village funds. This is done to assess whether the village funds have been made based on development priorities and assess economic aspects, efficiency, effectiveness, and compliance with laws and regulations. Accountability and transparency, which are the manifestations of good governance practices in the management of central and regional government finances as a public sector organization, are important objectives of accounting reform and public sector administration. This study aims to look at the management and utilization of village funds as well as obstacles in the management and utilization of village funds in Pasan District. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The results of the study show that the budget, human resources and information systems simultaneously influence the effectiveness of budgeting. Likewise partially the budget has a significant effect on the effectiveness of budgeting, human resources have a significant effect on the effectiveness of budgeting and information systems have a significant effect on the effectiveness of budgeting. The management and utilization of village funds in Pasan sub-district is effective because all results have a significant effect. From the results of this study it can be seen that without a village budget, the capacity of the village government to carry out development in the village will be very limited. Then after the availability of village funds, the human resources that will manage and the information system that is used are very important in managing and utilizing village funds by villages in Pasan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. So the budget, human resources and information systems themselves can become obstacles to the management and utilization of village funds in Pasan Sub-district.Keywords: Village Fund Management, Village Financ

Determination of clothing microclimate volume

Human heat transfer depends on the amount of ventilation between the skin and the clothing layers, which in turn depends on the microclimate volume (7). This volume is hard to quantify. The traditional method, developed by Crockford et al. (4) and further in Birnbaum and Crockford (1) and Sullivan et al. (10) utilises a vacuum oversuit to evacuate and measure the quantity of air trapped in the microenvironment. This method is cumbersome and an alternative may be found in a model approach or using 3D whole body scans. Lee and Hong (8) endeavoured to ascertain the relationship between the insulation value of the clothing ensemble and the air volume measured by using phase-shifting moiré topography. They determined the microclimate volume between a manikin and a T-shirt. This technique was time efficient and accurate, but it was not reported if this technique could be used on humans and how the results compared to the traditional technique of microclimate volume measurement. A third technique to estimate the microclimate volume assumes that the body is represented by a series of cylinders. The circumference of each segment is measured with and without clothing, allowing the volume of each to be calculated. The method was adopted from Lotens and Havenith (9) and is fast and simple. It is the purpose of this study to compare the reliability and reproducibility of the vacuum suit method, scanning method and cylinder model to determine microclimate volume

Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Some Shale Samples in Awi Formation and Its Geophysical Implications, Cross River State, Nigeria

The thermal Conductivity of some about sixty – two (62) shale samples from four locations within the Awi formation using modified Lee’s method were determined. It was observed that the thermal agitation in the sample increases as the temperature increases, after which thermal stability was attained. The Shale samples collected from location two and four tend to have high  average thermal conductivity values ranging from 1.4490 W/m0C and 1.0802 W/m0C respectively while location one and three exhibits low values of thermal conductivity ranging from 0.8544 W/m0C and 0.7027 W/m0C respectively during the rising temperature measurement. During the falling temperature measurement location two and four still have high average thermal conductivity values of 1.3020 W/m0C and 0.9884 W/m0C respectively and location one has an average value of 0.8339  W/m0C while location Three has 0.6544 W/m0C. The low values exhibited by Location one and three is largely due to the fact  that the outcrops in these locations were along the road  and have been exposed to weather and  human activities. However, the values from location two and four, suggests that shales within this location are post matured. Keywords: Conductivity, agitation, stability, outcrops, post- mature

High pressure phases in highly piezoelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3

Two novel room-temperature phase transitions are observed, via synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, in the Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 alloy under hydrostatic pressures up to 16 GPa. A monoclinic (M)-to-rhombohedral (R1) phase transition takes place around 2-3 GPa, while this R1 phase transforms into another rhombohedral phase, R2, at about 6-7 GPa. First-principles calculations assign the R3m and R3c symmetry to R1 and R2, respectively, and reveal that R2 acts as a pressure-induced structural bridge between the polar R3m and a predicted antiferrodistortive R-3c phase.Comment: REVTeX, 4 pages with 3 figures embedded. Figs 1 and 3 in colo