267 research outputs found

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄: ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ тСксты ΠΈ систСмы "ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°"

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    Comparative textual analysis of the information exchange flows during the communication process allows identifying the relationship of a variety of texts conveying one meaning. Identification of parallel relations between the original text and the text of the translation in the communication process can only be of conditional nature. The text can serve as an instrument in identifying the dependence of the meaning on the pragmatic purpose of the communication process. In the terms of practice we are concerned only with the lexico-grammatical features of texts for translation and represent eight duads, which make up the functional paradigm of our research. In modern times text corpora tend to have clichΓ©d texts due to common sources of the original information as well as coinciding propositions and presuppositions of the addressers and the addressees. Basically, we see these clichΓ©d texts as semantically and quite often formally parallel. Parallel texts can be used for comparison in an intralingual environment at all levels of the language system. Our research shows that there are three main types of parallel texts which correlate with the three components: pragmatics, semantics and syntagmatics. Our theoretical frameworks have been applied in teaching foreign languages as well as translation skills to senior students with SDL TRADOS translation software used as a teaching tool on the point β€œThis is how I do it, now you do it better”.Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ тСкстов ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ тСматичСской Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языках, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ смысл, дСмонстрируСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² этих тСкстах Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдств. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… тСкстов ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… случаях часто обнаруТиваСтся явно выраТСнная ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСкстов ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. БобствСнно Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава тСкста ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ срСдством опрСдСлСния зависимости ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ смыслового ΠΈ прагматичСского ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² высказывания, прСдставлСнного Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языках. Π’ практичСском смыслС ΠΌΡ‹ рассматриваСм лСксикограмматичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ тСкста для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ прСдставляСм восСмь Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π΄, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡƒ нашСго исслСдования. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ тСкстовый ΠΌΠΈΡ€ Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни стСрСотипСн, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ для Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСкстов Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языках ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ источники ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ прСсуппозиции адрСсатов ΠΈ адрСсантов часто ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ стСрСотипныС тСксты ΠΌΡ‹ рассматриваСм ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅. ЕстСствСнно, стСрСотипныС тСксты ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языках. ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ тСксты систСматизированы ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°, сСмантика ΠΈ синтагматика. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ основныС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСкстов. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ высокой стСпСни условности раздСлСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСкстов всС ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сущСствСнных для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². ВСорСтичСскиС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ исслСдования ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ построСния Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ систСмы Β«ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β», ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ SDL TRADOS. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ систСмы ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² качСствС ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ срСдства ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ студСнтов ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΡ… курсов ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ иностранных языков Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… цСлях ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π”Π΅Π»Π°ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ я, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΉ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ мСня»

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ обозначСния Π² языкС ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈ: ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ аспСкт

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    There is a correlation between the sense of lingual sign (the means of nomination) and the sense of speech sign (the means of designation). The nature of this correlation is in the possibility of using lingual sign for the designation of the referent. It relies on the coincidence of signification and designation features.ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ языкового Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСдства Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСдства обозначСния сущСствуСт опрСдСлСнная связь. Она Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² возмоТности использования языкового Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° для Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обозначСния Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ основываСтся Π½Π° совпадСнии сигнификативных ΠΈ дСсигнативных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²

    Визуализация Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ прСдставлСния дискурса Π² двуязычной ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    The solution to the problem of making a qualitative assessment of a translation is complicated by the lack of a quantitative assessment of the majority of the linguistic parameters. The abstractive representation of the arrangement of a verbal and textual activity seems to be a possible solution to this problem. This study provides the method of visual and spatial representation of a discourse in its evolution.РСшСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ качСства ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° отсутствия количСствСнной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° лингвистичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ абстрактноС прСдставлСниС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ тСкстовой Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ способ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространствСнного прСдставлСния дискурса Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ - ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° - систСма

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    The concepts of a systematic approach to the educational aspects of translators` training. Elements of understanding the cultural problems of translation teaching. Asymmetry of the dyad language-culture.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ систСмного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ аспСктам ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², элСмСнты понимания ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ обучСния ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, асиммСтрия Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π΄Ρ‹ Β«ΡΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊβ€”ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Β»

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ синтСз

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    Contemporary translation can be viewed as analytical and synthetic process with the primary instrumental technique of this process being contrastive analysis.Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-синтСтичСский процСсс. Основной тСхнологичСский ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-синтСтичСского процСсса - это контрастивная тСкстология

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄: Ρ„Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΠΌ - Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π° мысли ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈ

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    The peculiarity of this article is the new realizing of a unit of translation concept in the field of translating and interpreting activity. There is an attempt to answer the question: what is to be considered as a unit of translation in general and in the linguistic reason in particular? We introduce our views on the balance between a unit of a thought and a unit of translation when we use the technology of the stereotype interaction. For a translator a unit of a thought as a portion of realized information might be a unit for translation. So, we conclude: a frame of knowledge might be a unit of a thought and a unit of translation simultaneously and consequently.Основная идСя ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ - концСпция Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понимания Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² области устной ΠΈ письмСнной пСрСводчСской Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. ΠžΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ смысловом ΠΈ лингвистичСском смыслах. ВСхнология стСрСотипных ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ создаСт баланс Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса. Π’ ситуации ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° понятая порция ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π€Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ лингвистичСскоС явлСниС ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ соизмСряСт ΠΎΠ±Π° аспСкта Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса

    Анализ тСкста ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСдство обучСния иностранному языку ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ

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    The axiom that an interpreter translates not words but the meaning requires his ability to generate the instinct of perceiving the maximum possible volume of the information to be translated. Such instinctive perception is to activate an interpreter`s intuitive perception of the meaning in one language as well as his ability to provide rational interpretation of it by expressive means of the other language.Аксиома Β«ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π½Π΅ слова, Π° смысл» Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ воспитания Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ инстинкта восприятия максимально Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ объСма тСкста Π² качСствС Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ инстинктивноС восприятиС Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ пСрСводчСскоС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΡƒΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ смысла ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ языкС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ этого смысла Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ срСдствами Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ языка

    Journeying through Dementia: the story of a 14 year design-led research enquiry

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    Consider a linear ordering equipped with a finite sequence of monadic predicates. If the ordering contains an interval of order type \omega or -\omega, and the monadic second-order theory of the combined structure is decidable, there exists a non-trivial expansion by a further monadic predicate that is still decidable.Comment: 18 page

    Trees over Infinite Structures and Path Logics with Synchronization

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    We provide decidability and undecidability results on the model-checking problem for infinite tree structures. These tree structures are built from sequences of elements of infinite relational structures. More precisely, we deal with the tree iteration of a relational structure M in the sense of Shelah-Stupp. In contrast to classical results where model-checking is shown decidable for MSO-logic, we show decidability of the tree model-checking problem for logics that allow only path quantifiers and chain quantifiers (where chains are subsets of paths), as they appear in branching time logics; however, at the same time the tree is enriched by the equal-level relation (which holds between vertices u, v if they are on the same tree level). We separate cleanly the tree logic from the logic used for expressing properties of the underlying structure M. We illustrate the scope of the decidability results by showing that two slight extensions of the framework lead to undecidability. In particular, this applies to the (stronger) tree iteration in the sense of Muchnik-Walukiewicz.Comment: In Proceedings INFINITY 2011, arXiv:1111.267

    Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus among HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients from the Republic of Guinea

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    Aim. Molecular genetic characterization of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus in patients with HIV / HBV co-infection living in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. 2168 blood serum samples obtained from the Republic of Guinea residents – blood donors and conditionally healthy people, without suspicion of Ebola virus disease, UK RUSAL employees and their families, as part of their routine medical examination. The presence of serological and molecular biological markers of HIV and HBV was examined. When HIV/HBV co-infection was detected, the nucleotide sequences of the complete HBV genomes and the HIV pol gene fragment were sequenced. Results and discussion. HIVserological markers were detected in 239 people (11.02 %). HIV RNA was detected in 31 people, which accounted for 12.9 % of patients in the seropositive group (1.43 % of the total group). HBV serological markers among HIV RNAs-positive individuals were detected in 29.03 % of patients, including 16.12 % HBsAg and 12.9 % anti-HBcore IgG. HBV DNA was detected in all HBsAg-positive and in two anti-HBcore IgG-positive patients, as well as in 12 people negative for all HBV serological markers analyzed in the work. Thus, HBV DNA was found in 61.29 % of HIV RNA-positive individuals. Based on the pol gene fragment nucleotide sequences analysis of 19 HIV samples, it was shown that the HIV circulating recombinant form CRF02_AGΒ  prevails in the examined group (52.63 %) compared with HIV A1 (42.1 %), one sample was an independent recombinant of genotypes A1 and G. HBV phylogenetic analysis of the studied samples showed that genotype E prevails – 47.36 %, compared with HBV D1 – 21.05 %, D2 – 15.78 %, D3 – 10.52 % and A2 – 5.26 %. HIV and HBV samples have been detected that carry drug resistance mutations despite the antiretroviral therapy absence. HIV and HBV drug resistance mutations identification in ART-naive patients emphasizes the need for HIV surveillance programs as well as routine testing for HBV and HIV and HBV drug resistance before starting antiretroviral therapy in the clinical management of patients in the country
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