Safety of Moxifloxacin following repeated intramuscular administration in Wistar rats

Moxifloxacin is a novel fourth generation fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Moxifloxacin (5.0 mg/kg) after repeated intramuscular administration at 24 h interval for 14 days in male and female wistar rats. Hematological (Haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT and DLC), blood biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Total Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Globulin, Serum Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid and Blood glucose) and histopathological examination of various tissues were carried out in the present study. Male and female animals of any group did not reveal any clinical symptoms and mortality attributable to the 14 days intramuscular administration of Moxifloxacin. The data were compared by unpaired two tail `t` test using Graph Pad Prism (Version 4.00). All above hematological and blood biochemical parameters were found to fluctuate within normal range during treatment period and the mean values were not significantly differ (p < 0.05) from corresponding control values. Moreover, no gross or microscopic changes were found in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, stomach, intestine and joint cartilages of the treated wistar rats. Results indicate that daily administration of Moxifloxacin for 14 days seems to be safe and well tolerated in rats. [Veterinary World 2010; 3(10.000): 449-452

Human papillomavirus genotypes in Pacific Islander cervical cancer patients

Objective: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of invasive cervical cancers is widely known. Few HPV studies have targeted geographically isolated regions. The objective of this study was to determine the HPV genotypes in cervical cancer patients from the Pacific Islands referred to Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC). Methods: All cases of invasive cervical cancer treated at TAMC through the Pacific Island Health Care Project between January 2004 and October 2014 were identified through a review of pathology specimens. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. PCR was performed using PLEX-ID plates to isolate and amplify HPV-specific DNA. Mass spectrometry was subsequently performed to identify specific HPV genotypes. Results: Thirty-five patients had their pathology specimens analyzed. Ten patients had localized disease (Stage 1); 21 had regional disease (Stages 2 and 3); and 4 had distant disease (Stage 4). Thirty-three squamous cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas were identified. The most common HPV subtypes found were 16 (6, 24%), 45 (6, 24%), and 52 (6, 24%). Other HPV subtypes isolated included 18 (1, 4%), 33 (3, 12%), 39 (2, 8%), 54 (1, 4%), and 67 (1, 4%). In 10 samples, HPV was not isolated. Conclusion: Pacific Islanders referred to TAMC present with a disproportionally higher rate of regional and advanced disease. Significantly, only 28% of invasive cervical cancers in the Pacific Island population sampled could have been potentially be prevented using the available quadrivalent vaccine targeting HPV 16/18; however, 88% could be covered by the recently licensed nonavalent vaccine. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, Cervical cancer, Pacific Islander