1,075 research outputs found
Virtual photon fragmentation functions
We introduce operator definitions for virtual photon fragmentation functions,
which are needed for reliable calculations of Drell-Yan transverse momentum
() distributions when is much larger than the invariant mass . We
derive the evolution equations for these fragmentation functions. We calculate
the leading order evolution kernels for partons to fragment into a unpolarized
as well as a polarized virtual photon. We find that fragmentation functions to
a longitudinally polarized virtual photon are most important at small , and
the fragmentation functions to a transversely polarized virtual photon dominate
the large region. We discuss the implications of this finding to the
J/ mesons' polarization at large transverse momentum.Comment: Latex, 19 pages including 6 figures. An error in the first version
has been corrected, and references update
Pulmonary arterial wall distensibility assessed by intravascular ultrasound in children with congenital heart disease: an indicator for pulmonary vascular disease?
BACKGROUND: Both pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary overflow are
associated with functional and structural changes of the pulmonary
arterial wall. Current techniques to evaluate the pulmonary vasculature
neglect the pulsatile nature of pulmonary flow. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To
determine whether the dynamic properties of the pulmonary arterial wall
are altered in patients with abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics due to
congenital heart defects, and whether these changes are associated with
the progression of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In 43 children with PVD due to congenital heart defects and 12 control
subjects, pulmonary arterial pulsatility (the relative increase in vessel
area during the cardiac cycle) and distensibility (the inverse of the
stress/strain elastic modulus) were determined with intravascular
ultrasound. Results were correlated with clinical and hemodynamic
parameters. RESULTS: Pulsatility correlated with pulmonary pulse pressure
(p < 0.001), pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio (PVR/SVR) [p
= 0.001], and hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.01). However, when corrected
for these variables, pulsatility did not differ between patients and
control subjects. In contrast, arterial wall distensibility decreased with
the severity of PVD and correlated independently with
pulmonary-to-systemic arterial pressure ratio (p < 0.001) and PVR/SVR (p =
0.03), and with hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01). Adjusted for
hemodynamic variables, distensibility was still decreased in patients with
PVD compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate
that pulmonary arterial wall distensibility is progressively decreased in
PVD; moreover, this decreased distensibility is, in part, related to
increased distending pressure as a result of pulmonary hypertension but
also, in part, to stiffening of the arterial wall during the disease
process. Arterial wall distensibility may be of additional value in the
evaluation of pulmonary vasculature and ventricular workload
Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Carbon
We present a theoretical description of the electronic properties of graphene
in the presence of disorder, electron-electron interactions, and particle-hole
symmetry breaking. We show that while particle-hole asymmetry, long-range
Coulomb interactions, and extended defects lead to the phenomenon of
self-doping, local defects determine the transport and spectroscopic
properties. Our results explain recent experiments in graphitic devices and
predict new electronic behavior.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. The paper was originally submitted on May, 12th,
200
Flux transitions in a superconducting ring
We perform a numeric study of the flux transitions in a superconducting ring
at fixed temperature, while the applied field is swept at an ideally slow rate.
The current around the ring and its free energy are evaluated. We partially
explain some of the known experimental features, and predict a considerably
large new feature: in the vicinity of a critical field, giant jumps are
expected
Thickness Estimation of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC using Attenuation of Substrate Raman Intensity
A simple, non-invasive method using Raman spectroscopy for the estimation of
the thickness of graphene layers grown epitaxially on silicon carbide (SiC) is
presented, enabling simultaneous determination of thickness, grain size and
disorder using the spectra. The attenuation of the substrate Raman signal due
to the graphene overlayer is found to be dependent on the graphene film
thickness deduced from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission
electron microscopy of the surfaces. We explain this dependence using an
absorbing overlayer model. This method can be used for mapping graphene
thickness over a region and is capable of estimating thickness of multilayer
graphene films beyond that possible by XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES).Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Mapping the unique and shared functions of oncogenic KRAS and RIT1 with proteome and transcriptome profiling
Aberrant activation of RAS oncogenes is prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma, with somatic mutation of KRAS occurring in âŒ30% of tumors. Recently, we identified somatic mutation of the RAS-family GTPase RIT1 in lung adenocarcinoma, but relatively little is known about the biological pathways regulated by RIT1 and how these relate to the oncogenic KRAS network. Here we present quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic profiles from KRAS-mutant and RIT1-mutant isogenic lung epithelial cells and globally characterize the signaling networks regulated by each oncogene. We find that both mutant KRAS and mutant RIT1 promote S6 kinase, AKT, and RAF/MEK signaling, and promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion via HLA protein loss. However, KRAS and RIT1 diverge in regulation of phosphorylation sites on EGFR, USO1, and AHNAK proteins. The majority of the proteome changes are related to altered transcriptional regulation, but a small subset of proteins are differentially regulated by both oncoproteins at the post-transcriptional level, including intermediate filament proteins, metallothioneins, and MHC Class I proteins. These data provide the first global, unbiased characterization of oncogenic RIT1 network and identify the shared and divergent functions of oncogenic RIT1 and KRAS GTPases in lung cancer
Transport Properties through Double Barrier Structure in Graphene
The mode-dependent transmission of relativistic ballistic massless Dirac
fermion through a graphene based double barrier structure is being investigated
for various barrier parameters. We compare our results with already published
work and point out the relevance of these findings to a systematic study of the
transport properties in double barrier structures. An interesting situation
arises when we set the potential in the leads to zero, then our 2D problem
reduces effectively to a 1D massive Dirac equation with an effective mass
proportional to the quantized wave number along the transverse direction.
Furthermore we have shown that the minimal conductivity and maximal Fano factor
remain insensitive to the ratio between the two potentials V_2/V_1=\alpha.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, clarifications and reference added, misprints
corrected. Version to appear in JLT
Scaling Rule for Nonperturbative Radiation in a Class of Event Shapes
We discuss nonperturbative radiation for a recently introduced class of
infrared safe event shape weights, which describe the narrow-jet limit.
Starting from next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) resummation, we derive an
approximate scaling rule that relates the nonperturbative shape functions for
these weights to the shape function for the thrust. We argue that the scaling
reflects the boost invariance implicit in NLL resummation, and discuss its
limitations. In the absence of data analysis for the new event shapes, we
compare these predictions to the output of the event generator PYTHIA.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, uses JHEP3.cls (included); v2 - version to
appear in JHE
Relativistic graphene ratchet on semidisk Galton board
Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we study numerically and analytically
a photogalvanic effect, or ratchet, of directed electron transport induced by a
microwave radiation on a semidisk Galton board of antidots in graphene. A
comparison between usual two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and electrons in
graphene shows that ratchet currents are comparable at very low temperatures.
However, a large mean free path in graphene should allow to have a strong
ratchet transport at room temperatures. Also in graphene the ratchet transport
emerges even for unpolarized radiation. These properties open promising
possibilities for room temperature graphene based sensitive photogalvanic
detectors of microwave and terahertz radiation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Research done at Quantware
http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/. More detailed analysis is give
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LLNL NESHAP's 1999 Annual Report
This annual report is prepared pursuant to the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H; Subpart H governs radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air from DOE facilities to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent (EDE) of 10 mrem (100 {micro}Sv) to any member of the public. The EDEs for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) site-wide maximally exposed members of the public from 1999 operations are summarized
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