Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 are complexed with many small cellular proteins in vivo. We have isolated cDNA sequences, INK4d, encoding a 19-kDa protein that is associated with CDK6 in several hematopoietic cell lines. p19 shares equal similarity and a common ancestor with other identified inhibitors of the p16/INK4 family. p19 interacts with and inhibits the activity of both CDK4 and CDK6 and exhibits no detectable interaction with the other known CDKs. p19 protein is present in both cell nuclei and cytoplasm. The p19 gene has been mapped to chromosome 19p13.2, and the level of its mRNA expression varies widely between different tissues. In contrast to p21 and p27 whose interaction with CDK subunits is dependent on or stimulated by the cyclin subunit, the interaction of p19 and p18 with CDK6 is hindered by the cyclin protein. Binary cyclin D1-p18/p19 or cyclin D1-CDK6 complexes are highly stable and cannot be dissociated by excess amounts of cyclin D1 or p19/p18 proteins, suggesting that p16 inhibitors and D cyclins may interact with CDKs 4 and 6 in a competing or potentially mutually exclusive manner

BCS and BEC p-wave pairing in Bose-Fermi gases

The pairing of fermionic atoms in a mixture of atomic fermion and boson gases at zero temperature is investigated. The attractive interaction between fermions, that can be induced by density fluctuations of the bosonic background, can give rise to a superfluid phase in the Fermi component of the mixture. The atoms of both species are assumed to be in only one internal state, so that the pairing of fermions is effective only in odd-l channels. No assumption about the value of the ratio between the Fermi velocity and the sound velocity in the Bose gas is made in the derivation of the energy gap equation. The gap equation is solved without any particular "ansatz" for the pairing field or the effective interaction. The p-wave superfluidity is studied in detail. By increasing the strength and/or decreasing the range of the effective interaction a transition of the fermion pairing regime, from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state to a system of tightly bound couples can be realized. These composite bosons behave as a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate.Comment: 14 pages, 6 eps-figures. To be published in European Physical Journal

Epigenetic control of nuclear architecture

The cell nucleus is a highly structured compartment where nuclear components are thought to localize in non-random positions. Correct positioning of large chromatin domains may have a direct impact on the localization of other nuclear components, and can therefore influence the global functionality of the nuclear compartment. DNA methylation of cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides is a prominent epigenetic modification of the chromatin fiber. DNA methylation, in conjunction with the biochemical modification pattern of histone tails, is known to lock chromatin in a close and transcriptionally inactive conformation. The relationship between DNA methylation and large-scale organization of nuclear architecture, however, is poorly understood. Here we briefly summarize present concepts of nuclear architecture and current data supporting a link between DNA methylation and the maintenance of large-scale nuclear organization

Discrimination Of Brazilian Artisanal And Inspected Pork Sausages: Application Of Unsupervised, Linear And Non-linear Supervised Chemometric Methods

The performance of different chemometric approaches to discriminate artisanal and industrial pork sausages using traditional physicochemical parameters was investigated. A total of 90 samples of sausages marketed in various supermarkets and open-markets in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were analyzed for their content of moisture, protein, fat, nitrite, sodium and calcium. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used as exploratory methods, while linear and non-linear classification methods, such as k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for assessing the data. Different behaviors for all parameters were analyzed between the classes. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis did not show a complete discrimination of the samples. KNN and ANN results showed excellent performance for both categories with 100% correct prediction while SIMCA and PLSDA presented performance of 100% and 85.7% for inspected and artisanal sausages, respectively. According to the SIMCA, PLSDA and ANN, the contents of moisture and fat showed the highest discriminative power. 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A guide to naming eukaryotic circular RNAs

Alternative splicing of eukaryotic messenger RNA transcripts often leads to the production of several mature RNAs - including linear RNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) - from a single gene locus. The names given to circRNAs are often ambiguous and lack consistency across studies. This Comment calls on the community to embrace a common nomenclature for naming circRNAs to ensure clarity and reproducibility