Problems in the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum - A review of 6 cases

Six cases of lymphogranuloma venereum are described in White South Africans. All initially presented diagnostic problems. This sexually transmitted disease is uncommon in South Africa, and 5 of. the 6 patients presented with inguinallymphadenopathy without a primary lesion. The value of serological tests in the diagnosis of this disease is emphasized

Balance conditions in variational data assimilation for a high-resolution forecast model

This paper explores the role of balance relationships for background error covariance modelling as the model's grid box decreases to convective-scales. Data assimilation (DA) analyses are examined from a simplified convective-scale model and DA system (called ABC-DA) with a grid box size of 1.5km in a 2D 540km (longitude), 15km (height) domain. The DA experiments are performed with background error covariance matrices B modelled and calibrated by switching on/off linear balance (LB) and hydrostatic balance (HB), and by observing a subset of the ABC variables, namely v, meridional wind, r', scaled density (a pressure-like variable), and b', buoyancy (a temperature-like variable). Calibration data are sourced from two methods of generating proxies of forecast errors. One uses forecasts from different latitude slices of a 3D parent model (here called the `latitude slice method'), and the other uses sets of differences between forecasts of different lengths but valid at the same time (the National Meteorological Center method). Root-mean-squared errors computed over the domain from identical twin DA experiments suggest that there is no combination of LB/HB switches that give the best analysis for all model quantities. It is frequently found though that the B-matrices modelled with both LB and HB do perform the best. A clearer picture emerges when the errors are examined at different spatial scales. In particular it is shown that switching on HB in B mostly has a neutral/positive effect on the DA accuracy at `large' scales, and switching off the HB has a neutral/positive effect at `small' scales. The division between `large' and `small' scales is between 10 and 100km. Furthermore, one hour forecast error correlations computed between control parameters find that correlations are small at large scales when balances are enforced, and at small scales when balances are not enforced (ideal control parameters have zero cross correlations). This points the way to modelling B with scale-dependent balances

Isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi from genital ulcerations in White men in Johannesburg

An analysis of sexually acquired genital ulcerations in 31 White patients who were examined microbiologically in Johannesburg showed Haemophilus ducreyi to be the causative agent in 23 (74%), whereas syphilis was the confirmed diagnosis in only 6 (19%). All the H. ducreyi isolates produced B-Iactamase. Previously, chancroid was considered to be an infrequent cause of genital ulceration in this population group. Unlike those with syphilitic ulceration, patients with chancroid usually do not respond to penicillin. The improved isolation procedures for H. ducreyi now enable the laboratory to confirm most cases

All in the timing: Considering time at multiple stages of group research

The role of time in measuring group and team temporality constitutes more than a methodological issue—it is a theoretical question. That is, if group interaction is theorized as processual and processes occur through time, then research on team temporality, as well as a range of other issues, must grapple with the methodological implications of our theories. This article contributes to ingroup's aim to advance theory and methods for understanding groups by exploring methodological approaches that allow us to capture a variety of team processes over time. Three case studies address the practical issues involved with employing various types of time-sensitive data collection, time-dependent coding, and time-based analysis, including their advantages and disadvantages. Together, the authors describe diverse field and analytical methods useful for interrogating theoretical assumptions about time in groups. Doing so expands the notion of group temporality to consider the role of both epochal and fungible times at multiple stages of group research

Immunohistochemical Characterisation of GLUT1, MMP3 and NRF2 in Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive bone malignancy. Unlike many other malignancies, OSA outcomes have not improved in recent decades. One challenge to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic methods for OSA has been the lack of well characterized experimental model systems. Spontaneous OSA in dogs provides a good model for the disease seen in people and also remains an important veterinary clinical challenge. We recently used RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to provide a detailed molecular characterization of OSA relative to non-malignant bone in dogs. We identified differential mRNA expression of the solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1/GLUT1), matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) genes in canine OSA tissue in comparison to paired non-tumor tissue. Our present work characterizes protein expression of GLUT1, MMP3 and NRF2 using immunohistochemistry. As these proteins affect key processes such as Wnt activation, heme biosynthesis, glucose transport, understanding their expression and the enriched pathways and gene ontologies enables us to further understand the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in OSA. This study further supports spontaneous OSA in dogs as a model system to inform the development of new methods to diagnose and treat OSA in both dogs and people