Экспериментальное обоснование установки ацетабулярного компонента с недопокрытием при эндопротезировании пациентов с тяжелой степенью дисплазии

Purpose. Estimation of critical value of acetabular component uncoverage enabling its implantation without an additional support. Methods. A comparative analysis of an original method for intraoperative measurement of uncoverage space of acetabular component based on the measurement of the depth of uncovered sector with X-ray control by the same technique was carried out. Mathematical computer modeling based on the finite element techniqueand the mechanical experiment were performed. Critical values of uncoverage enabling safe primary fixation of acetabular component were estimated in designed models. Results. High rate of coincidence of direct intraoperative and postoperative measurements by radiograms was obtained, testifying to the possibility of application of this technique of uncoverage estimation at the stage of preoperative X-ray planning in patients with different degree of dysplasia. Using the finite element technique and the mechanical experiment on pelvis models, a possibility of mounting anacetabular component with moderate uncoverage within 25% without screws and with significant uncoverage to 35% with additional two screws fixation was demonstrated.Цель работы - определение критической величины недопокрытия ацетабулярного компонента, при которой возможна его имплантация без использования дополнительной опоры. Методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ оригинального способа интраоперационного измерения площади недопокрытия вертлужного компонента, основанного на измерении глубины непокрытого сектора, с рентгеновской оценкой тем же способом. Осуществлены математическое компьютерное моделирование на основе метода конечных элементов и механический эксперимент. В разработанных моделях определялись критические величины недопокрытия, при которых возможно обеспечение надежной первичной фиксации ацетабулярного компонента Результаты. Выявлена высокая степень совпадения прямых интраоперационных и послеоперационных измерений по рентгенограммам, что свидетельствует о возможности применения данного метода оценки недопокрытия на этапе предоперационного рентгеновского планирования у пациентов с различной степенью дисплазии. С помощью метода конечных элементов и механического эксперимента на моделях таза показана возможность установки ацетабулярного компонента с умеренным недопокрытием в пределах 25% без винтов и со значительным недопокрытием до 35% с дополнительной фиксацией двумя винтами

Features of the use of personal protective equipment in the foci of a new coronavirus infection

Relevance. In the context of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, the range of use of personal protective equipment (hereinafter referred to as PPE) is becoming increasingly broad, from emergency and emergency medical teams that go to patients with suspected COVID-19, to specialized covid hospitals. Aim. Identification of features in the operation of PPE in a strict anti-epidemic regime and development of recommendations on the use of PPE to improve the efficiency of medical professionals. Materials and methods. In the period from April to May 2020 in the field hospital of the Association of Alpine shooters at the exhibition centre, FIERA DI BERGAMO Italian Republic (hereinafter – the hospital), 8 medical and nursing teams, each of them included the doctors – epidemiologist, anesthesiologist-resuscitation, general practitioner, and nurse anesthetist (total number 32 professionals) conducted relevant sanitary-antiepidemic (preventive) and treatment-and-prophylactic interventions among patients with clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion. As a result of using a whole range of disposable PPE of various modifications, the features and disadvantages of their operation in the field were established. The main recommendations for using PPE when working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are formulated. © Kuzin AA et al

Cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of infection caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus

G.V. Santalova, P.A. Lebedev, A.A. Garanin, A.V. Lyamin, M.E. Kuzin Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation Infection caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is characterized by significant diversity of clinical presentations accounted for by different GABHS strains and individual patients’ predisposition to immune inflammation. This paper reviews current data on streptococcal infection and poststreptococcal cardiac and non-cardiac complications and describes early diagnostic tools. Superficial infections are the most common forms (particularly in pediatrics) manifested as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis, or sinusitis. Invasive infections (pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis) are potentially lethal conditions accompanied by bacteremia and generalized inflammation. Strains producing exotoxins (GABHS superantigens) provoke scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The primary burden of cardiac complications of GABHS infections is still chronic rheumatic heart disease resulting from undiagnosed and untreated acute rheumatic fever. Val vulitis underlying cardiac complications have a subclinical course, requiring echocardiography to establish the diagnosis. Antibacterial treatment with β-lactam antibiotics as a first-line treatment for GABHS infection and prevention of cardiac and non-cardiac complications increase the relevance of early etiological diagnosis. These tools are clinical syndrome scale, culture, and rapid diagnostic tests based on streptococcal DNA and antigen detection. Keywords: group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus, manifestations and complications of streptococcal infections, acute rheumatic fever, chronic rheumatic heart disease. For citation: Santalova G.V., Lebedev P.A., Garanin A.A. et al. Cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of infection caused by&nbsp;group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(1):63–71 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-1-63-71. </p

Nanolocalized UV source of laser radiation

We show the results of optical nonlinear interaction of laser light with plasmonic nanostructures. Creation of a nanolocalized source of UV radiation (λ = 260 nm) of the record high intensity was demonstated. Possibility of use of the source for biomedical applications was shown

Nanolocalized UV source of laser radiation

We show the results of optical nonlinear interaction of laser light with plasmonic nanostructures. Creation of a nanolocalized source of UV radiation (λ = 260 nm) of the record high intensity was demonstated. Possibility of use of the source for biomedical applications was shown

Single photon transport by a moving atom through sub-wavelength hole

The results of investigation of photon transport through the subwavelength hole in the opaque screen by using single neutral atom are represented. The basis of the proposed and implemented method is the absorption of a photon by a neutral atom immediately before the subwavelength aperture, traveling of the atoms through the hole and emission of a photon on the other side of the screen. Realized method is the alternative approach to existing for photon transport through a subwavelength aperture: 1) self-sustained transmittance of a photon through the aperture according to the Bethe’s model; 2) extra ordinary transmission because of surface-plasmon excitation

Single photon transport by a moving atom through sub-wavelength hole

The results of investigation of photon transport through the subwavelength hole in the opaque screen by using single neutral atom are represented. The basis of the proposed and implemented method is the absorption of a photon by a neutral atom immediately before the subwavelength aperture, traveling of the atoms through the hole and emission of a photon on the other side of the screen. Realized method is the alternative approach to existing for photon transport through a subwavelength aperture: 1) self-sustained transmittance of a photon through the aperture according to the Bethe’s model; 2) extra ordinary transmission because of surface-plasmon excitation