Improvement of penning ion sources

It is shown that the loss of a longitudinal symmetry of magnetic field distribution in respect to the centre of the Penning discharge system causes change of electrostatic potential distribution in the discharge gap leads to appearance of asymmetry of current magnitude to the cathodes of the Penning cell, change of magnitude of current density and energy distribution of the ion beam extracted in a longitudinal direction. The use of an inhomogeneous magnetic field which is longitudinally asymmetrical concerning electrodes of the system allows to increase current efficiency of Penning ion sources from 0,2 to 0,55

Spectroscopic diagnostic complex based on the magnetron sputtering device with a digital method of the data mining

A diagnostic complex based on a magnetron sputtering device is proposed for studying a magnetron discharge plasma parameter by optical emission spectroscopy, using two spectroscopic systems: photographic and photoelectric. Software for digital processing of the obtained emission spectra is developed. The results obtained by the two spectroscopic systems are compared

Digital identification of the emission spectrum lines of magnetron discharge

To obtain the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the discharge plasma spectrum in the Python programming language, a multifunctional interactive GUI-application OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyzed) was created. The application allows you to download a digital image of the optical spectrum, automatically determine the wavelength of the selected spectral line and do elements interpretation.Для отримання якісних і кількісних характеристик спектра плазми розряду на мові програмування Python створено багатофункціональний діалоговий GUI-додаток OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyzed). Додаток дозволяє завантажити цифрове зображення оптичного спектра, в автоматичному режимі визначити довжину хвилі обраної спектральної лінії і виконати елементну інтерпретацію.Для получения качественных и количественных характеристик спектра плазмы разряда на языке программирования Python создано многофункциональное диалоговое GUI-приложение OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyzed). Приложение позволяет загрузить цифровое изображение оптического спектра, в автоматическом режиме определить длину волны выбранной спектральной линии и выполнить элементную интерпретацию

Electron transport and energy relaxation in dilute magnetic alloys

We consider the effect of the RKKY interaction between magnetic impurities on the electron relaxation rates in a normal metal. The interplay between the RKKY interaction and the Kondo effect may result in a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the electron momentum relaxation rate, which determines the Drude conductivity. The electron phase relaxation rate, which determines the magnitude of the weak localization correction to the resistivity, is also a non-monotonic function of temperature. For this function, we find the dependence of the position of its maximum on the concentration of magnetic impurities. We also relate the electron energy relaxation rate to the excitation spectrum of the system of magnetic impurities. The energy relaxation determines the distribution function for the out-of-equilibrium electrons. Measurement of the electron distribution function thus may provide information about the excitations in the spin glass phase.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Inelastic Scattering Time for Conductance Fluctuations

We revisit the problem of inelastic times governing the temperature behavior of the weak localization correction and mesoscopic fluctuations in one- and two-dimensional systems. It is shown that, for dephasing by the electron electron interaction, not only are those times identical but the scaling functions are also the same.Comment: 10 pages Revtex; 5 eps files include

Digital processing of optical emission spectra of magnetron sputtering plasma system

To solve the actual problem of the analysis of the sputtered particles radiation during coating deposition in a magnetron sputtering system, a digital technique was proposed for processing the emission spectra of the discharge plasma. A graphic OSA application has been created, which allows obtaining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the magnetron discharge plasma. The obtained information about the distribution of excited particles along the direction parallel to the axis of the magnetron discharge permits one to control the mode of the discharge operation and, as a consequence, the properties of the deposited coatings.Для вирішення актуального завдання, пов'язаного з аналізом світіння розпилених частинок при нанесенні покриттів у магнетронно-розпилювальній системі, була запропонована цифрова методика обробки спектрів випромінювання плазми розряду. Створено графічний додаток OSA, що дозволяє отримати якісні та кількісні характеристики плазми магнетронного розряду. Отримана інформація про розподіл збуджених частинок вздовж напрямку, паралельного осі магнетронного розряду, дозволяє контролювати режим роботи розряду і, як наслідок, властивості нанесених покриттів.Для решения актуальной задачи, связанной c анализом свечения распыляемых частиц при нанесении покрытий в магнетронно-распылительной системе, была предложена цифровая методика обработки спектров излучения плазмы разряда. Создано графическое приложение OSA, позволяющее получить качественные и количественные характеристики плазмы магнетронного разряда. Полученная информация о распределении возбужденных частиц вдоль направления, параллельного оси магнетронного разряда, позволяет контролировать режим работы разряда и, как следствие, свойства наносимых покрытий

Conductance of Mesoscopic Systems with Magnetic Impurities

We investigate the combined effects of magnetic impurities and applied magnetic field on the interference contribution to the conductance of disordered metals. We show that in a metal with weak spin-orbit interaction, the polarization of impurity spins reduces the rate of electron phase relaxation, thus enhancing the weak localization correction to conductivity. Magnetic field also suppresses thermal fluctuations of magnetic impurities, leading to a recovery of the conductance fluctuations. This recovery occurs regardless the strength of the spin-orbit interaction. We calculate the magnitudes of the weak localization correction and of the mesoscopic conductance fluctuations at an arbitrary level of the spin polarization induced by a magnetic field. Our analytical results for the ``$h/e$'' Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations in metal rings can be used to extract spin and gyromagnetic factor of magnetic impurities from existing experimental data.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

Physiological temperatures reduce dimerization of dengue and Zika virus recombinant envelope proteins

The spread of dengue (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health concern. The primary target of antibodies that neutralize DENV and ZIKV is the envelope (E) glycoprotein, and there is interest in using soluble recombinant E (sRecE) proteins as subunit vaccines. However, the most potent neutralizing antibodies against DENV and ZIKV recognize epitopes on the virion surface that span two or more E proteins. Therefore, to create effective DENV and ZIKV vaccines, presentation of these quaternary epitopes may be necessary. The sRecE proteins from DENV and ZIKV crystallize as native-like dimers, but studies in solution suggest that these dimers are marginally stable. To better understand the challenges associated with creating stable sRecE dimers, we characterized the thermostability of sRecE proteins from ZIKV and three DENV serotypes, DENV2– 4. All four proteins irreversibly unfolded at moderate temperatures (46 –53 °C). At 23 °C and low micromolar concentrations, DENV2 and ZIKV were primarily dimeric, and DENV3– 4 were primarily monomeric, whereas at 37 °C, all four proteins were predominantly monomeric. We further show that the dissociation constant for DENV2 dimerization is very temperature-sensitive, ranging from <1 M at 25 °C to 50 M at 41 °C, due to a large exothermic enthalpy of binding of 79 kcal/mol. We also found that quaternary epitope antibody binding to DENV2– 4 and ZIKV sRecE is reduced at 37 °C. Our observation of reduced sRecE dimerization at physiological temperature highlights the need for stabilizing the dimer as part of its development as a subunit vaccine

Management of the energy business in the countries with developing economies in the conditions of the integration processes

The present article describes the problems, which are connected with consequences of the ever-increasing influence of the world integration processes upon the national economies in the sphere of energy business. At the global level, this influence is evident as the dependency of governmental budgets of the oil and gas sector from commercial interests of the international corporations, which are owners of the production enterprises in the countries with developing economies. Moreover, it creates new vectors and trends of development both for entire industry and for power markets particularly. Goal of this article is to test this hypothesis on the basis of the corporate structured approach with the help of statistical and financial methods and instruments. Another goal of this article is to determine degree of influence of corporations upon national economies of developing countries in the power-generating sector. As the result, we have succeeded in improvement of the limited risk distributor, which is the model of the corporate business management. This model is topical one and it is applicable for any energy companies within corporate entities (holdings and groups of companies) in the countries with developing economies. © 2019, Econjournals. All rights reserved