Global regularity of weak solutions to quasilinear elliptic and parabolic equations with controlled growth

We establish global regularity for weak solutions to quasilinear divergence form elliptic and parabolic equations over Lipschitz domains with controlled growth conditions on low order terms. The leading coefficients belong to the class of BMO functions with small mean oscillations with respect to $x$.Comment: 24 pages, to be submitte

Особенности генетического полиморфизма HLA-антигенов при приобретенной апластической анемии у детей

This study presents the genetic polymorphism of HLA-antigens in acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) in 147 children (85 boys и 62 girls) aged 1 to 18 with. The control group is consisted of 1700 umbilical cord blood samples of healthy newborns. The genetic polymorphism of HLA was studied in groups of children with AAA, divided by gender and age. Our results revealed distinction in HLA-markers of predisposition and sustainability to AAA. Possible differences in factors of immunogenetic predisposition suggest different mechanisms involved in the development of the disease in different groups of children and reconsider the existing model of the pathogenesis of AAA.В статье представлены результаты исследования генетического полиморфизма HLA-антигенов при приобретенной апластической анемии (ПАА) у 147 детей в возрасте от 1 до 18 лет. Контрольная группа была представлена 1700 образцами пуповинной крови условно здоровых новорожденных детей. Анализ полученных данных позволил выявить отличающиеся у детей разного пола и возраста HLA-маркеры предрасположенности и протекции к ПАА. Вероятное различие в факторах иммуногенетической предрасположенности позволяет предположить участие разных механизмов в развитии заболевания у разных групп детей и по-новому рассматривать уже имеющиеся модели патогенеза ПАА

Structural analysis of the comet 45P/Honda based on isophote modeling

The work focuses on using the isophote method to construct a 45P/Honda comet model. At the same time, important problems were solved for modeling the physical surface of a comet and studying the structure of the cometary nucleus. This is due to the fact that, on the basis of modern studies of meteoroids, complex internal processes and dynamic phenomena on their surface have been discovered. The study of comet nuclei is of great importance, since, according to the theory of their formation, they were formed from the matter of the protoplanetary disk. Thus, modeling and analysis of the structure of various comets make it possible to create a more accurate theory of their evolution. This made it possible to evaluate the structural parameters more accurately and reliably. This allowed for the evaluation of the structural parameters more accurately and reliably. Isophotes of the nucleus, coma and tail of comet 45P/Honda were determined. Depending on the point where the comet is located on the trajectory of its orbit, one can see structural changes in the comet's brightness from the nucleus to the peripheral region. Near the cometary nucleus, the isophotes are circular in shape. If in the center of the model the isophotes have a shape close to narrow rings, then elongations in the direction of the cometary tail and thickening of their structure appear towards the peripheral regions. Large and small tail rays can be distinguished, and the nucleus is well marked. In the future, the author's method for modeling isophotes, developed in this work, will allow studying the structure of various cometary objects, and, based on the results, determine the degree of comet activity. On the other hand, about the development of the theory of dynamic processes and the evolution of the Solar system, one can use the data on changes in cometary activity in the process of its movement around the Sun

The Function of NG2/CSPG4-expressing Cells in the Rat Spinal Cord Injury: An Immunoelectron Microscopy Study

Emerging evidence supports an increased role for NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells in the process of neuroregeneration and synaptic plasticity, due to the increased production of multifunctional chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2/CSPG4). However, the response of NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains to be elcudiated. Expression and distribution of NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells were studied by immunoelectron microscopy in the ventral horns (VH) of an intact and injured rat spinal cord. In the intact spinal cord, NG2/CSPG4 expression was detected on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of NG2 glia and was absent in neurons. Large amounts of NG2/CSPG4 were found on myelin membranes. The ability of intact astrocytes to produce NG2/CSPG4 was shown, although to a lesser extent than oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia. At 7 days after SCI at the Th8 level in the reactive glial zone of VH, the expression of NG2/CSPG4 sharply increased in NG2 glia at a distance of 3–5 mm and in reactive astrocytes were observed at all investigated distances caudally from the epicenter of injury. The obtained results indicate the presence of NG2/CSPG4-positive astrocytes in the intact spinal cord, and in the case of damage, an increase in the ability of reactive astrocytes to produce NG2/CSPG4. SCI leads to increased expression of NG2/CSPG4 by NG2 glia in the early stages after injury, which decreases with distance from the epicenter of the injury, as well as at later stages

Studying the fractal properties of Ceres

Currently, the asteroid Ceres belongs to small celestial bodies with the most well-known physical parameters. The study of the structural and real properties of Ceres is an urgent and modern task, the solution of which will make it possible to develop the evolutionary theory of a minor planet. In this work, the fractal properties of the dwarf planet Ceres were analyzed using data from the Dawn space mission. Using the expansion in a harmonic series in spherical functions the height parameters of the structural model of Ceres, a 3D model of Ceres was constructed. The analysis showed that the resulting system has a complex multiparameter fractal configuration. The study of such objects requires the use of harmonic multiparameter methods. Multivariate fractal analysis allows to represent systems similar to the Ceres model in the form of a spectrum of fractal dimensions. The advantage of fractal analysis is the ability to explore local areas of the physical surface. In this work, the Minkowski algorithm was used for this purpose. At the final stage, an overdetermined system was solved for various local areas of topocentric information in order to postulate a model that takes into account external measures. Fractal dimensions D are determined for local regions and the entire model of the planet. Fractal dimensions vary from 1.37 to 1.92 depending on the longitude and latitude of Ceres. The main results are as follows: 1) the structure of the Ceres surface varies more strongly in longitude; 2) the structure of Ceres is smoother in latitude; 3) the coefficient of self-similarity changes rather quickly in longitude, which indicates that different local regions of the minor planet were formed under the influence of various physical processes. It is necessary to emphasize that the resulting fractal dimensions are significantly scattered both in longitude and latitude of Ceres. This fact confirms the presence of a complex structure in the spatial model of a minor planet. This also applies to the actual physical surface of Ceres. The results of the work allow us to conclude that fractal modeling can give independent values of the fractal dimension both for the entire model of Ceres and for its local macrostructural regions

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF HLA ANTIGENS IN ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA

Certain groups of HLA gene alleles play an important role in emergence of acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). We studied HLA antigens in Slavic children with AAA of different clinical forms, severity, and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The study was carried out in 147 children With AAA. The reference group was formed from 1700 specimens of umbilical blood from healthy newborns. HLA genotyping showed that DRB1*15 and B*51 were common markers of liability to idiopathic aplastic anemia for boys from the age of 14 years and girls aged under 14 years; characteristic markers were DQB1*06 for girls aged under 14 years and B*08, B*40, DRB1*03 for boys aged under 14 years. A common marker of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys and to severe AAA, including the disease sensitive to combined IST, was HLA-DRB1*15; characteristic markers of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys were B*08, B*14, and DRB1*03. These results suggested a novel view on the available models of AAA pathogenesis

The analysis of Titan's physical surface using multifractal geometry methods

Titan makes up 95% of the mass of all 82 satellites of Saturn. Titan's diameter is 5152 km, which means that it is larger than the Moon by 50%, and it is also significantly larger than Mercury. On the satellite, a subsurface ocean is possible, the theory of the presence of which has already been advanced earlier by some scientists. It is located under a layer of ice and consists of 10% ammonia, which is a natural antifreeze for it and does not allow the ocean to freeze. On the one hand, the ocean contains a huge amount of salt, which makes the likelihood of life in it hardly possible. But on the other hand, since chemical processes constantly occur on Titan, forming molecules of complex hydrocarbon substances, this can lead to the emergence of the simplest forms of life. There are limitations on the probabilistic and statistical approaches, since not every process and not every result (form and structure of the system) is probabilistic in nature. In contrast to this, fractal analysis allows one to study the structure of complex objects, taking into account their qualitative specifics, for example, the relationship between the structure and the processes of its formation. When constructing a harmonic model of Titan, the method of decomposition of topographic information into spherical functions was used. As a result, based on the harmonic analysis of the Cassini mission data, a topographic model of Titan was created. In the final form, the model describing Titan's surface includes the expansion of the height parameter depending on the spherical coordinates into a slowly converging regression series of spherical harmonics. For modeling surface details of the surface on a scale of 1 degree requires analysis of the (180 + 1)2 harmonic expansion coefficients. An over determined topographic information system was solved to meet the regression modelling conditions. In this case, a number of qualitative stochastic data, such as external measures, were used together with the standard postulation of the harmonic system of the Titan model. As a result of a sampling of self-similar regions (with close values of the self-similarity coefficients) on the surface of Titan, coinciding with the SRGB parameter (characterizes the color fractal dimension), the elements of the satellite's surface were determined, which with a high degree of probability were evolutionarily formed under the action of the same selenochemical processes

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF HLA ANTIGENS IN ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANEMIA

Certain groups of HLA gene alleles play an important role in emergence of acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). We studied HLA antigens in Slavic children with AAA of different clinical forms, severity, and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The study was carried out in 147 children With AAA. The reference group was formed from 1700 specimens of umbilical blood from healthy newborns. HLA genotyping showed that DRB1*15 and B*51 were common markers of liability to idiopathic aplastic anemia for boys from the age of 14 years and girls aged under 14 years; characteristic markers were DQB1*06 for girls aged under 14 years and B*08, B*40, DRB1*03 for boys aged under 14 years. A common marker of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys and to severe AAA, including the disease sensitive to combined IST, was HLA-DRB1*15; characteristic markers of liability to extremely severe AAA in boys were B*08, B*14, and DRB1*03. These results suggested a novel view on the available models of AAA pathogenesis

Human mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin 2 can suppress proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in co-culture and activate mononuclear cells in vitro

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) therapy has been shown to be successful in renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, systemic administration of high doses of IL2 can be toxic, causing capillary leakage syndrome and stimulating pro-tumor immune response. One of the strategies to reduce the systemic toxicity of IL2 is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of IL2. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were transduced with lentivirus encoding IL2 (hADSCs-IL2) or blue fluorescent protein (BFP) (hADSCs-BFP). The proliferation, immunophenotype, cytokine profile and ultrastructure of hADSCs-IL2 and hADSCs-BFP were determined. The effect of hADSCs on activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and proliferation and viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after co-culture with native hADSCs, hADSCs-BFP or hADSCs-IL2 on plastic and Matrigel was evaluated. Ultrastructure and cytokine production by hADSCs-IL2 showed modest changes in comparison with hADSCs and hADSCs-BFP. Conditioned medium from hADSC-IL2 affected tumor cell proliferation, increasing the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells and also increasing the number of late-activated T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT-cells and activated T-killers. Conversely, hADSC-IL2 co-culture led to a decrease in SH-SY5Y proliferation on plastic and Matrigel. These data show that hADSCs-IL2 can reduce SH-SY5Y proliferation and activate PBMCs in vitro. However, IL2-mediated therapeutic effects of hADSCs could be offset by the increased expression of pro-oncogenes, as well as the natural ability of hADSCs to promote the progression of some tumors

Therapeutic Potential of Pharmacological Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex in Cancer

Introduction: Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation can promote chronic inflammation by increased release of IL-1β. However, the effect of NLRP3 complex formation on tumor progression remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of NLRP3 modulation on the growth of the different types of cancer cells, derived from lung, breast, and prostate cancers as well as neuroblastoma and glioblastoma in-vitro. Method: The effect of Caspase 1 inhibitor (VX765) and combination of LPS/Nigericin on NLRP3 inflammasome activity was analyzed in A549 (lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), PC3 (prostate cancer), SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma), and U138MG (glioblastoma) cells. Human fibroblasts were used as control cells. The effect of VX765 and LPS/Nigericin on NLRP3 expression was analyzed using western blot, while IL-1β and IL-18 secretion was detected by ELISA. Tumor cell viability and progression were determined using Annexin V, cell proliferation assay, LDH assay, sphere formation assay, transmission electron microscopy, and a multiplex cytokine assay. Also, angiogenesis was investigated by a tube formation assay. VEGF and MMPs secretion were detected by ELISA and a multiplex assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s analyses and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results: LPS/Nigericin increased NRLP3 protein expression as well as IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in PC3 and U138MG cells compared to A549, MCF7, SH-SY5Y cells, and fibroblasts. In contrast, MIF expression was commonly found upregulated in A549, PC3, SH-SY5Y, and U138MG cells and fibroblasts after Nigericin treatment. Nigericin and a combination of LPS/Nigericin decreased the cell viability and proliferation. Also, LPS/Nigericin significantly increased tumorsphere size in PC3 and U138MG cells. In contrast, the sphere size was reduced in MCF7 and SH-SY5Y cells treated with LPS/Nigericin, while no effect was detected in A549 cells. VX765 increased secretion of CCL24 in A549, MCF7, PC3, and fibroblasts as well as CCL11 and CCL26 in SH-SY5Y cells. Also, VX765 significantly increased the production of VEGF and MMPs and stimulated angiogenesis in all tumor cell lines. Discussion: Our data suggest that NLRP3 activation using Nigericin could be a novel therapeutic approach to control the growth of tumors producing a low level of IL-1β and IL-18