Quality control indicators of soil ridges at sowing cultivated crops

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The initial component of any cultivated crops technology is high-quality preparation of a field in order to create proper conditions for the subsequent seed placement,plant root system’s growth and development stimulation. At the same time,any mechanical treatment should not disrupt the optimal soil structure; it should preserve the soil fertility,protect against erosion processes and maintain moisture to the greatest possible extent. Traditional technologies of growing cultivated crops on a flat field surface have been and remain the most widespread. However,the studies have found that the most promising is the ridge technology. A ridger seeder is developed for implementation of the ridge technology; the ridger seeder’s application allows to cost effectively perform presowing cultivation in just one pass,after sowing the seeds to form a soil mound over a stitch of sown seeds,to compact such soil mound on three sides and finally form a soil ridge of a required dimension and density. The tool’s flat disk and concave disks of the ridger seeder’s ridge forming roller have substantiated approach angles. It has been revealed that structural and operating parameters of the tools with flat discs and the ridge forming roller,as well as physical and mechanical properties of the soil affect the process of forming the soil ridges of required dimension and density at seeding any cultivated crops

The State of Hip Arthroscopy in Russia: Assessment Based on a Sociological Survey of Doctors

Background. Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique most commonly performed to correct femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Currently, it is widely used by worldwide; in addition, there are a significant number of english-language publications on this topic. The number of hip arthroscopy performed in Russia is unknown. Information about this surgical technique is also very limited in our country. The aim of the study was to assess the level of hip arthroscopy in Russia. Methods. A total sociological survey of orthopaedic surgeon with experience in performing hip arthroscopy was conducted. The questionnaire was posted on the Google Forms platform and consisted of 13 questions of closed, semi-closed and open types. The survey included 54 surgeons from Russian clinics, 45 people filled out the questionnaire. Results. Among the respondents, doctors with experience in performing arthroscopic operations on the knee and shoulder joints predominated (100.000.00% and 93.300.03%, respectively). The majority of specialists (73.300.06%) were trained in hip arthroscopy during the primary course in one of the clinics in Russia. More than half of the respondents (68.800.06%) are currently engaged in this surgical area, however, in 45.160.07% of them, the number of operations does not exceed 5 per year. For surgeons who have completed two or more training courses, the volume of operations performed is higher (p0.05); 51.110.07% of doctors perform arthroscopy using an alternative technique. There are 2.5 time more specialists doing just bone resection, than surgeons who apply any kind of reconstruction technique while treating FAI (p0.05). Fifteen respondents (48.390.08%) perform debridement as an attempt to delay arthroplasty. The most common difficulties faced by surgeon are problems with the diagnosis of FAI (no patients) (40.000.02%), lack of the necessary tools (40.000.02%) and sufficient time to master the technique (33.300.07%). Only three (6.600.07%) respondents believe that they manage to achieve the planned results of the operation, 93.300.03% of surgeons said that it is not always possible to achieve the desired outcomes. Conclusion. Hip arthroscopy in Russia is not very common, the volume of such interventions is insignificant. Doctors with minimal skills in arthroscopic hip surgery predominate. Factors that impede the development of this area in our country are related to teaching methods, problems with FAI diagnostics, the lack of necessary instruments for performing operations, and the lack of time for specialists to master surgical techniques

Distinctive Features of the Human Marginal Zone and Cajal-Retzius Cells: Comparison of Morphological and Immunocytochemical Features at Midgestation

Despite a long history of research of cortical marginal zone (MZ) organization and development, a number of issues remain unresolved. One particular issue is the problem of Cajal-Retzius cells (C-R) identification. It is currently based on morphology and Reelin expression. The aim of this research is to investigate MZ cytoarchitectonics and Reelin-producing cells morphotypes in the superior temporal, pre- and postcentral cortex at GW24-26. We used Reelin (Reln) as the marker for C-R cells and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament heavy chain protein (N200) as markers of neuronal maturation. The MZ of all of the investigated areas had the distinct cytoarchitectonic of alternating cell sparse (MZP, SR) and cell dense (SGL, DGL) layers. The distribution of the neuromarkers across the MZ also showed layer specificity. MAP2-positive cells were only found in the SGL. N200 and Reelin-positive neurons in the MZP. N200-positive processes were forming a plexus at the DGL level. All of the N200-positive neurons found were in the MZP and had distinctive morphological features of C-R cells. All of the N200-positive neurons in MZ were also positive for Reelin, whereas MAP2-positive cells lack Reelin. Thus, the joint use of two immunomarkers allowed us to discern the C-R cells based on their morphotype and neurochemistry and indicate that the Reelin-positive cells of MZ at 24-26 GW were morphologically C-R cells. In the current study, we identified three C-R cells morphotypes. Using a 3D reconstruction, we made sure that all of them belonged to the single morphotype of triangular C-R cells. This approach will allow future studies to separate C-R cells from other Reelin-producing neurons which appear at later corticogenesis stages. In addition, our findings support the assumption that a plexus could be formed not only with C-R cells processes but also possibly by other cell processes by the poorly researched DGL, which is only allocated as a part of the human MZ

Восстановление ограниченных дефектов суставного хряща с помощью клеточно-инженерных конструкций

Aim: to develop a three-dimensional composite cell-engineered constructs (CEC) for restoration of limited defects of the cartilage in experiment.Materials and methods. To create a cell-engineered constructs (CEC), were used collagenic carriers: «Chondro Gide» impermeable bilayer membrane and «Osteoplast» permeable matrix. A comparative study of their cytotoxic and adhesion properties was made in vitro. Chondroplastic potential of prepared CECs based on collagenous matrices with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of the rabbit bone marrow grown on their surface was assessed in vivo. A cylindrical defect of the cartilage of the medial femoral condyle 3.3 mm in diameter at a depth of 1.5 mm was formed on both rabbit feet. Laboratory animals were divided into 3 groups: control group; Experiment 1 group with Chondro Gide used as the MSC carrier within CEC; Experiment 2 group using Osteoplast matrix. Upon experiment completion, a morphometric and histomorphologic research of tissue specimens was made. For statistical evaluation of the results a defect region recovery factor (RF) was offered and used. Results. After a 6-month observation period the control group showed partial recovery of the defect region with the recovery factor (RF) of 0.62 ± 0.06. The RF in Experiment 1 group equalled to 0.79 ± 0.07, Experiment 2 group revealed RF at the level of 0.88 ± 0.02. Statistical analysis of the research results shows that the use of CEC used in Experiment 2 group reduces a relative risk of therapeutic failures by 92.9%, and absolute risk – by 43.3% as compared to Experiment 1 group. Histomorphologic research data are indicative of a hyaline cartilage formation in the central defect zone, which is partially close to the intact cartilage to the maximum with zonality marked.Conclusion. Results of the research of the developed three-dimension cell-engineered constructs consisting of mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow grown on the Osteoplast permeable collagenic matrix show the formation of a cartilaginous hyaline tissue with a high level of structural organization in the area of its implantation. The thickness of a newly formed cartilage is insignifi cantly less than that of the preceding cartilaginous tissue, thus facilitating a dynamic distribution of the axial load on the articular surface, and as a whole this holds out hope for good long-term results. Therefore, based on the data obtained, we consider it reasonable to perform next investigation phases of the offered cell-engineered constructs for chondroplasty of limited cartilage defects. Цель. Разработать трехмерную комбинированную клеточно-инженерную конструкцию (КИК) для восстановления ограниченных повреждений суставного хряща в эксперименте. Материалы и методы. Для создания клеточно-инженерной конструкции (КИК) использованы коллагеновые носители: двухслойная непроницаемая мембрана «Chondro Gide» и проницаемая матрица «Остеопласт», проводилось сравнительное исследование их цитотоксических, адгезивных свойств in vitro. Хондропластический потенциал подготовленных КИК на основе коллагеновых матриц с выращенными на их поверхности аллогенными мезенхимальными стволовыми клетки (МСК) костного мозга кролика оценивался in vivo. Кроликам на обеих лапах был сформирован цилиндрический дефект суставного хряща внутреннего мыщелка бедренной кости диаметром 3,3 мм на глубину 1,5 мм. При этом лабораторные животные были разделены на 3 группы: контрольная; группа «Опыт 1», в которой в качестве носителя для МСК в составе КИК использовался «Chondro Gide»; группа «Опыт 2», где была применена матрица «Остеопласт». По завершении эксперимента проводились морфометрическое и гистоморфологическое исследование образцов тканей. Для статистической оценки результатов был предложен и использован коэффициент восстановления области дефекта (КВ).Результаты. Через 6 месяцев наблюдений в контрольной группе отмечено частичное восстановление области дефекта, коэффициент восстановления (КВ) составил 0,62 ± 0,06. В группе «Опыт 1» КВ был равным 0,79 ± 0,07, в группе «Опыт 2» КВ находился на уровне 0,88 ± 0,02. Статистическая оценка результатов исследования показывает, что применение КИК, используемой в группе «Опыт 2», позволяет снизить относительный риск наступления неблагоприятных исходов лечения на 92,9%, абсолютный риск – на 43,3% по сравнению с группой «Опыт 1». Данные гистоморфологического исследования свидетельствуют о формировании в центральной зоне дефекта гиалинового хряща, местами максимально приближенного к интактному хрящу с обозначением зональности.Заключение. Результаты исследования разработанной трехмерной клеточно-инженерной конструкции, состоящей из мезенхимальных стволовых клеток костного мозга, выращенных на проницаемой коллагеновой матрице «Остеопласт», демонстрируют формирование в области ее имплантации хрящевой гиалиновой ткани с высокой степенью структурной организации. Вновь образованный хрящ лишь незначительно уступает по толщине предсуществующей хрящевой ткани, что способствует динамическому распределению осевой нагрузки по суставной поверхности и в совокупности позволяет надеяться на хорошие долгосрочные результаты. Таким образом, на основании полученных данных считаем обоснованным проведение следующих этапов исследования предложенной клеточно-инженерной конструкции для хондропластики ограниченных дефектов суставного хряща.

Two Novel Amyloid Proteins, RopA and RopB, from the Root Nodule Bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum

Amyloids represent protein fibrils with a highly ordered spatial structure, which not only cause dozens of incurable human and animal diseases but also play vital biological roles in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Despite the fact that association of bacterial amyloids with microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases is well known, there is a lack of information concerning the amyloids of symbiotic bacteria. In this study, using the previously developed proteomic method for screening and identification of amyloids (PSIA), we identified amyloidogenic proteins in the proteome of the root nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum. Among 54 proteins identified, we selected two proteins, RopA and RopB, which are predicted to have β-barrel structure and are likely to be involved in the control of plant-microbial symbiosis. We demonstrated that the full-length RopA and RopB form bona fide amyloid fibrils in vitro. In particular, these fibrils are β-sheet-rich, bind Thioflavin T (ThT), exhibit green birefringence upon staining with Congo Red (CR), and resist treatment with ionic detergents and proteases. The heterologously expressed RopA and RopB intracellularly aggregate in yeast and assemble into amyloid fibrils at the surface of Escherichia coli. The capsules of the R. leguminosarum cells bind CR, exhibit green birefringence, and contain fibrils of RopA and RopB in vivo.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant 17-16-01100

Quality control indicators of soil ridges at sowing cultivated crops

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The initial component of any cultivated crops technology is high-quality preparation of a field in order to create proper conditions for the subsequent seed placement,plant root system’s growth and development stimulation. At the same time,any mechanical treatment should not disrupt the optimal soil structure; it should preserve the soil fertility,protect against erosion processes and maintain moisture to the greatest possible extent. Traditional technologies of growing cultivated crops on a flat field surface have been and remain the most widespread. However,the studies have found that the most promising is the ridge technology. A ridger seeder is developed for implementation of the ridge technology; the ridger seeder’s application allows to cost effectively perform presowing cultivation in just one pass,after sowing the seeds to form a soil mound over a stitch of sown seeds,to compact such soil mound on three sides and finally form a soil ridge of a required dimension and density. The tool’s flat disk and concave disks of the ridger seeder’s ridge forming roller have substantiated approach angles. It has been revealed that structural and operating parameters of the tools with flat discs and the ridge forming roller,as well as physical and mechanical properties of the soil affect the process of forming the soil ridges of required dimension and density at seeding any cultivated crops

Quality control indicators of soil ridges at sowing cultivated crops

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The initial component of any cultivated crops technology is high-quality preparation of a field in order to create proper conditions for the subsequent seed placement,plant root system’s growth and development stimulation. At the same time,any mechanical treatment should not disrupt the optimal soil structure; it should preserve the soil fertility,protect against erosion processes and maintain moisture to the greatest possible extent. Traditional technologies of growing cultivated crops on a flat field surface have been and remain the most widespread. However,the studies have found that the most promising is the ridge technology. A ridger seeder is developed for implementation of the ridge technology; the ridger seeder’s application allows to cost effectively perform presowing cultivation in just one pass,after sowing the seeds to form a soil mound over a stitch of sown seeds,to compact such soil mound on three sides and finally form a soil ridge of a required dimension and density. The tool’s flat disk and concave disks of the ridger seeder’s ridge forming roller have substantiated approach angles. It has been revealed that structural and operating parameters of the tools with flat discs and the ridge forming roller,as well as physical and mechanical properties of the soil affect the process of forming the soil ridges of required dimension and density at seeding any cultivated crops

Propriétés asymptotiques des corps globaux

Deux parties principales constituent le sujet de cette thèse. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude des propriétés asymptotiques des fonctions zêta, des fonctions L, des corps globaux et des variétés sur ces corps. Dans le premier chapitre, nous démontrons une généralisation du théorème de Brauer-Siegel au cas des suites de corps presque normaux. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions le comportement asymptotique des dérivées logarithmiques des fonctions zêta dans des familles de corps globaux. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous donnons un panorama des généralisations du théorème de Brauer-Siegel classique. Dans le même chapitre nous démontrons une version du théorème de Brauer-Siegel pour les variétés sur les corps finis. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à l'étude de la distribution des zéros des fonctions L des formes modulaires. Dans le cinquième chapitre, nous étudions des propriétès asymptotiques des familles de fonctions zêta et de fonctions L sur les corps finis dans le contexte des trois problèmes suivants : l'inégalité principale, les résultats de type Brauer-Siegel et la distribution des zéros. Le but de la deuxième partie est d'obtenir une caractérisation des jacobiennes parmi les variétés abéliennes principalement polarisées de dimension 3; ce qui fournit une réponse à une question de J.-P. Serre. Nous obtenons aussi une nouvelle démonstration de la formule de Klein qui relie une certaine forme modulaire de Siegel au discriminant des quartiques planes.There are two main parts in this thesis. The first part is devoted to the study of asymptotic properties of zeta functions, L-functions, global fields and varieties over these fields. In the first chapter, we prove a generalization of the Brauer-Siegel theorem to the case of families of almost normal number fields. In the second chapter, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the logarithmic derivatives of zeta functions in families of global fields. In the third, chapter we give an overview of possible generalizations of the classical Brauer-Siegel theorem. In the same chapter, we prove a version of the Brauer-Siegel theorem for varieties over finite fields. The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the distribution of zeroes of L-functions of modular forms. In the fifth chapter, we study the asymptotic properties of families of zeta and L-functions over finite fields in the context of the following problems : the basic inequality, the results of the Brauer-Siegel type and the distribution of zeroes. The aim of the second part is to obtain a characterization of Jacobians among principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension 3; which gives an answer to a question asked by J.-P. Serre. We also obtain a new proof of Klein's formula which connects a certain Siegel modular form to the discriminant of plane quartics.AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF