Digital mapping of soil associations and eroded soils (Prokhorovskii district, Belgorod oblast)

A new method of digital mapping of the soil cover pattern with calculation of the share of soils of different taxa and degree classes for soil erosion in the soil associations is proposed. A comparative analysis of soil maps obtained using different methods of construction (visual expert and digital) and with their different contents (displaying the dominant soil or soil associations) has been performed. In the case of mapping by the visual expert method (with the display of the dominant soil), a significant underestimation of the total area of moderately and strongly eroded soils in comparison with the digital mapping is note

Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Chernozems (Mollisols) under Shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Shelterbelts that were created in place of meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the forest steppe zone of northern continents serve as areas of carbon accumulation and participate in the formation of soil organic matter. In the Great Plains of the United States (in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska) and on the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod, Voronezh, and Kursk oblasts), a general tendency toward an increase in the Corg pool in the topsoil (0–30 cm) from the marginal parts of the shelterbelts toward their cen tral parts by about 3.5–10.0 t per each 10 m has been identified. In 55 years of the existence of shelterbelts on chernozems in the European part of Russia, the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the upper meter has been varying within 0.7–1.5 t/ha. In 19 years of the existence of a shelterbelt in the area of Huron (South Dakota), the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the 1mthick layer of the Bonilla soil series (Haplustolls) has reached 1.9 t/ha

Russian population health-related quality of life indicators calculated using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire

Objectives. The paper aims was forming the first health-related quality of life population indicators using EQ-5D–3L survey that represents the Russian population by gender and age, as well as by the attained level of education. Material and methods. For compiling population indicators, we use the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The study was conducted on the adult Russian population aged 18 to 75 years. A representative sample was 12616 respondents. Results. 59.3 % of the sample is in good health (profile 11111). The proportion of respondents reporting any health problems increases with age. The average score on a 100-point visual analogue scale is 72.4 (standard deviation 18,1; 95 per cent confidence interval from 72,1 to 72,7). Men, on average, tend to assess their health higher than women. However there are no statistically significant differences in health scores among educational groups, taking into account gender and age data. Conclusions. Comparison of health-related quality of life estimations with normative population data allows us to track differences in health between population groups, as well as to analyze the health status and progress in treating patients. The Russian health-related quality indicators from EQ-5D-3L survey are similar to the Hungary population indices, as well as to many European countries, the USA, and Argentina for age cohorts under 45 years of age. For the cohorts of respondents older than 45 years, Russian estimations are much lower than in other countries. This evidence confirms that borrowing scales from other countries for converting EQ-5D-3L values into a preference EQ-5D-3L index is not acceptable for Russian patients, especially for the elderly

Total expenditure elasticity of healthcare spending in Russia

In this study we estimate the income elasticity of spending on different healthcare services and medication in Russia, taking into account the non-linear relationship between income level and expenditure. We employ the RLMS-HSE data, 2006–2017, to estimate the elasticities at household level. Our findings show these elasticities have not changed over the years. Additionally, we show that low-income and high-income households demon­strate different levels of elasticities, which is consistent with the fact that healthcare is less affordable for the poor. The study confirms that healthcare and medication are close to luxury level for low-income households and drugs are almost income inelastic for rich households. The results could help to reveal which services are the least affordable for the population

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПУБЛИКАЦИОННОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ЖУРНАЛАХ: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ И РОССИЙСКИЙ ОПЫТ

In recent years, scientific periodical literature faces an increased interest to the problem of science-metric assessment of the efficiency of domestic scientists-economists. At the same time, scientific community is concerned with the increased level of labor intensity and the duration of the publication process in national journals on economics. The article aims to specify science-metric effectiveness as a criterion for the efficiency of scientific personnel. The authors attempt to solve the following tasks: to assess the current state of scientific publications in the field of economics, including the results of the research conducted by the authors; to provide a number of practical measures to improve the publishing process. The article systematizes the key modern trends in the publication process in scientific economic journals. It shows that leading foreign economic journals are characterized by an increase in publication time, an increase in requirements for manuscripts, and an increase in the influence of reviewers on the content of articles submitted. Based on the authors’ research among the Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, the study identifies the qualitative features in scientific publications process and confirms the hypothesis that the conditions for publications in the leading scientific journals of Russia have become more complex in recent years, the publication time has increased and the requirements for them on the part of Russian publishers have increased. The authors of the study note the existing gap between the publications of Russian researchers in domestic and foreign scientific journals in the field of economics. The article provides recommendations to improve the publication process in economic journals and reduce transaction costs for the authors.В последние годы в научной периодической литературе отмечается повышенный интерес к проблеме наукометрической оценки результативности работы отечественных ученых-экономистов. Одновременно фиксируется и беспокойство научной общественности возросшим уровнем трудоемкости и длительностью процесса публикации в отечественных журналах по экономической тематике.Целью настоящей статьи является конкретизация вопроса об эффективности наукометрии как критерия результативности научных кадров. Для достижения цели в статье решаются следующие задачи: дается оценка текущего состояния научных публикаций в области экономики, в том числе на основе проведенного авторами исследования; предлагается ряд практических мер, направленных на совершенствование процесса публикации.В статье систематизированы ключевые современные тенденции процесса публикации в научных экономических журналах. Показано, что для ведущих зарубежных экономических журналов характерно увеличение длительности времени публикации, повышение требований к рукописям, усиление влияния рецензентов на содержание представляемых статей.На основе проведенного авторами исследования среди сотрудников экономического факультета МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова выявлены качественные особенности процесса научных публикаций и подтверждена гипотеза об усложнении в последние годы условий публикаций в ведущих научных журналах России, увеличении времени прохождения публикаций и повышении требований к ним со стороны российских издательств. Авторами исследования констатируется и сохраняющийся разрыв между публикациями российских исследователей в отечественных и зарубежных научных изданиях в области экономики.В статье обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию публикационного процесса в экономических журналах и снижению трансакционных издержек авторов научных публикаций

Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Chernozems (Mollisols) under Shelterbelts in Russia and the United States

Shelterbelts that were created in place of meadow and meadowsteppe landscapes of the forest steppe zone of northern continents serve as areas of carbon accumulation and participate in the formation of soil organic matter. In the Great Plains of the United States (in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska) and on the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod, Voronezh, and Kursk oblasts), a general tendency toward an increase in the Corg pool in the topsoil (0–30 cm) from the marginal parts of the shelterbelts toward their cen tral parts by about 3.5–10.0 t per each 10 m has been identified. In 55 years of the existence of shelterbelts on chernozems in the European part of Russia, the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the upper meter has been varying within 0.7–1.5 t/ha. In 19 years of the existence of a shelterbelt in the area of Huron (South Dakota), the mean annual rate of the organic carbon accumulation in the 1mthick layer of the Bonilla soil series (Haplustolls) has reached 1.9 t/ha.This article is published as Chendev, Yu G., T. J. Sauer, A. N. Gennadiev, L. L. Novykh, A. N. Petin, V. I. Petina, E. A. Zazdravnykh, and C. L. Burras. "Accumulation of organic carbon in chernozems (Mollisols) under shelterbelts in Russia and the United States." Eurasian soil science 48, no. 1 (2015): 43. doi: 10.1134/S1064229315010032.</p