New relations in the algebra of the Baxter Q-operators

We consider irreducible cyclic representations of the algebra of monodromy matrices corresponding to the R-matrix of the six-vertex model. In roots of unity the Baxter Q-operator can be represented as a trace of a tensor product of L-operators corresponding to one of these cyclic representations and satisfies the TQ-equation. We find a new algebraic structure generated by these L-operators and, as a consequence, by the Q-operators.Comment: 35 pages, LaTe

Multifluid Simulations of the Global Solar Wind Including Pickup Ions and Turbulence Modeling

I will describe a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar wind that takes into account turbulent heating of the wind by velocity and magnetic fluctuations as well as a variety of effects produced by interstellar pickup protons. The interstellar pickup protons are treated in the model as one fluid and the protons and electrons are treated together as a second fluid. The model equations include a Reynolds decomposition of the plasma velocity and magnetic field into mean and fluctuating quantities, as well as energy transfer from interstellar pickup protons to solar wind protons that results in the deceleration of the solar wind. The model is used to simulate the global steady-state structure of the solar wind in the region from 0.3 to 100 AU. The simulation assumes that the background magnetic field on the Sun is either a dipole (aligned or tilted with respect to the solar rotation axis) or one that is deduced from solar magnetograms

Peculiarities of photon echo in extended crystals of ruby

The signals of primary and backward photon-echo (PE) in extended crystals of ruby were observed. The peculiarities of PE formation in these resonant media were also investigated. Conditions of excitation were not changed for crystals with various length. It was found that duration of echo-signals was increased with increasing of the sample length

Application of geochemical model for monitoring the superviscous oil deposits development by the thermal steam methods

Heavy oil and natural bitumen deposits development is especially relevant nowadays. One of the highly efficient techniques for the development of such deposits is the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method. This work has two main objectives. The first is to build the geochemical model of a deposit on vertical and horizontal gradients of the relative content of biomarkers. And the second is to assess the feasibility of applying the derived model to monitor the development of superviscous oil deposits in the Karmalskiy deflection of the Cheremshanskoye deposit, where the SAGD technology is currently applied. The experimental part of work consists of the extraction of 35 core samples from the 8 oil well pumps, extraction of the saturated factions from the bitumen and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the selected factions in the TIC mode. The relative concentration of 6H-Farnesol (HHF) to Phytane (Ph) was selected as a simulation parameter. Laboratory studies have shown that the HHF/Ph ratio is shown in horizontal and vertical gradients due to biodegradation of the organic matter throughout the whole studied area. It is also noted that in almost all wells there is a sharp increase in the HHF/Ph value at the bottom of the productive layer at a depth of 150 to 160 meters, where the most intense biodegradation of the organic matter occurs. Laboratory studies have shown that the HHF/Ph ratio is stable in the context of hydrothermal processing under pressure, which indicates that it can be measured in the superviscous oil produced by the SAGD method for subsequent comparison with the geochemical model. Based on the constructed model and measured HHF/Ph ratios in the extracted superviscous oil, authors have assessed the likely ways of its tributaries to the extractive wells

Genome assembly using quantum and quantum-inspired annealing

Recent advances in DNA sequencing open prospects to make whole-genome analysis rapid and reliable, which is promising for various applications including personalized medicine. However, existing techniques for {\it de novo} genome assembly, which is used for the analysis of genomic rearrangements, chromosome phasing, and reconstructing genomes without a reference, require solving tasks of high computational complexity. Here we demonstrate a method for solving genome assembly tasks with the use of quantum and quantum-inspired optimization techniques. Within this method, we present experimental results on genome assembly using quantum annealers both for simulated data and the $\phi$X 174 bacteriophage. Our results pave a way for an increase in the efficiency of solving bioinformatics problems with the use of quantum computing and, in particular, quantum annealing. We expect that the new generation of quantum annealing devices would outperform existing techniques for {\it de novo} genome assembly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study of de novo genome assembly problems both for real and synthetic data on quantum annealing devices and quantum-inspired techniques.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Solar Wind: From the Coronal Base to the Outer Heliosphere

We have developed a global fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic solar wind model for the region that extends from the coronal base to 100 AU. The simulation domain consists of tree spherical shell subdomains with computational boundaries between them placed at 20 solar radii and 0.3 AU. The location of the first boundary ensures that the flow at the boundary is both supersonic and super-Alfvenic. A steady-state solution in the innermost (coronal) region is obtained by the time-relaxation method. The solution uses a tilted dipole model or solar magnetograms as the boundary condition at the coronal base and includes a flux of Alfven waves in the WKB approximation which provide additional acceleration for the coronal outflow in the open field regions. The intermediate region solution is constructed by the integration of steady-state equations along radius using a marching scheme. The outer region solution (0.3-100 AU) is obtained again by the time relaxation and takes into account turbulence transport and heating as well as heating, flow deceleration, and other effects due to the interstellar pickup protons treated as a separate fluid. We use the model to simulate the global steady-state structure of the solar wind from the coronal base to the heliospheric boundary and compare the results with Ulysses and Voyager observations

Geochemical modeling with the use of vertical and horizontal relative concentrations of oil compounds for the heavy oil fields

© 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The purpose of this study is to detect lateral and vertical gradients of relative concentrations of compounds presented in oil, which allows assessing potential drainage zones in the reservoir during the reservoir production by steam injection. In this research new method for monitoring of steam chamber development in 2D model was created and tested. Methodology: Total hydrocarbon fraction was isolated from core extracts and analyzed by GCMS method (TIC) for detection of various compounds and assessment of lateral and vertical gradients of their concentration in lateral. It was found that the ratio of 4- and 1-methyldibenzothiophenes (MDBT) changes in lateral and in vertical directions. These changes are caused by biodegradation of organic matter. Laboratory research shows that 1-MDBT/4-MDBT ratio in native reservoir rocks is stable under high temperatures and pressure and can be easily measured by GC-MS. This measurement will allow assessment of location and direction of steam chamber propagation. In recent work the authors have developed geochemical model which can be used for assessment of oil flow directions during the development of heavy oil fields by SAGD method

Possibilities of echocardiographic screening in athletes. Part 1. Normal values

Objective: assess the suitability of existing domestic and international recommendations for the use of echocardiography as a screening method for examining athletes; to select standards that characterize the heart in different sports, based on their own research.Materials and methods: a meta‑analysis of 38 domestic and foreign literature sources based on the results of an echocardiographic examination of athletes was carried out. The indicators of 2647 male athletes aged 16 to 45 years old, playing for the national teams of the city of Moscow and having passed an in‑depth medical examination at the Sports Medicine Clinic, were studied.Results: heart sizes in athletes differ slightly from population indicators, however, in 14–45% of cases they go beyond the reference values. In the absence of heart disease, the largest dimensions of the left ventricle (LV) are observed in endurance exercisers. At the same time, high functionality correlates with increased LV volume indexed by BCA (for EDV/BSA and VO2 AT r = 0.52, p < 0.05).Conclusion: echocardiographic screening of athletes allows obtaining sufficient information to identify congenital or pathology that has arisen during excessive training loads. As standards, it is advisable to use population indicators expressed in centile values

Possibilities of echocardiographic screening in athletes. Part 2. Structural changes of the heart

Objective: to assess the suitability of existing domestic and international recommendations and standards for the use of echocardiography as a screening technique for examining athletes with various diseases.Materials and methods: a meta‑analysis of 59 domestic and foreign literature sources based on the results of an echocardiographic examination of athletes was carried out. The indicators of 2647 male athletes aged 16 to 45 years old, playing for the national teams of the city of Moscow and having passed an in‑depth medical examination at the Sports Medicine Clinic, were studied.Results: screening echocardiography sufficiently reveals structural deviations of the heart of athletes from population norms, including congenital or acquired pathologies that cause both sudden death and general morbidity compared with a healthy population.Conclusion: in order to speed up and reduce the cost of the examination of athletes, it is appropriate to use the primary screening, and if necessary, an in‑depth examination. In this case, it is advisable to distinguish three diagnostic stages that determine the danger or admissibility of playing sports: (A) — the risk of developing complications, (B) — the presence of structural changes in the heart, and (C) — the appearance of clinical symptoms