24 research outputs found

    Study of Radio Absorbing Properties of Layered Oxide and Carbon Containing Composite Materials

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    The regularities of changing of the values of electromagnetic radiation absorption coefficient of layered oxide and carbon containing composite materials and electromagnetic radiation absorption losses, provided by these ones, depending on this radiation frequency values, varying in the range from 0.7 to 142.8 GHz, have been established. The results of the experimental substantiation of the technique for such materials manufacturing have been presented by the authors in earlier published scientific papers. Based on the established regularities, it was determined that layered oxide and carbon containing composite materials absorb the energy of electromagnetic radiation, interacting with them, to the greatest extent if the frequency value of this radiation varies from 16.7 to 26.0 GHz and from 54.0 to 78.0 GHz. It was defined, that the studied materials are suitable for use to ensure the high accuracy and electromagnetic compatibility of microwave measuring equipment

    Development and study of multilayer electromagnetic radiation shields based on powdered oxide-containing materials

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    The electromagnetic shields in the form of two-layer structures, the surface layer of which was the composite material with filler based on powdered titanium dioxide, and the inner one was the composite material with filler based on iron oxide, have been developed. The electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission characteristics of the developed shields have been studied in the frequency range 0.7-142.8 GHz depending on the content of their inner layers. It has been found that electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission coefficient values in the frequency range 0.7-142.8 GHz of the developed shields are –4.0…–27.0 dB and –10.0…–40.0 dB respectively. It has been experimentally proved that by impregnating by the calcium chloride aqueous solution of the powdered material that is part of the inner layer of such shields, it is possible to reduce by 5.0...45.0 dB of their electromagnetic radiation transmission coefficient values in the frequency range 2.0...26.0 GHz

    СВЧ МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

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    The waveguide method for determining the dielectric constant of materials was considered with using a panorama meter of the reflection and transmission coefficients. The influence of the waveguide channel’s parameters (linear dimensions, the reflection coefficients of materials) on the accuracy of the permittivity in the microwave range was assessed.Рассмотрен волноводный метод определения диэлектрической проницаемости материалов с использованием панорамного измерителя коэффициента отражения и передачи. Проведена оценка влияния параметров волноводного тракта (линейных размеров, коэффициентов отражения материалов) на точность измерений диэлектрической проницаемости в СВЧ диапазоне

    Estimation of S-parameters and dielectric permittivity of quartz ceramics samples in millimeter waveband

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    Для определения комплексных параметров и диэлектрической проницаемости керамических материалов в диапазоне 78,33–118,1 ГГц применен модифицированный метод Николсона – Росса – Вейра. Измерительная установка представляет собой измеритель комплексных коэффициентов отражения и передачи, волноводный измерительный тракт со специальной измерительной ячейкой, состоящей из двух нерегулярных волноводов и волноводной камеры между ними, обеспечивающей незначительное влияние мод высших порядков. Экспериментально получены зависимости амплитуды и фазы коэффициента отражения и передачи от частоты для фторопласта и трех керамических образцов в диапазоне частот 78,33–118,1 ГГц. Полученные S-параметры обрабатываются по алгоритму, включающему их усреднение на основе преобразования Фурье, с целью получения значений диэлектрической проницаемости. Фторопласт был использован в качестве эталонного материала с известной диэлектрической проницаемостью. Диэлектрическая проницаемость фторопласта имеет стабильное значение 2,1 в вышеуказаннном диапазоне частот. Диэлектрическая проницаемость образца № 1 варьируется от 3,6 до 2,5 на границах диапазона, образца № 2 – от 3,7 до 2,1, образца № 3 – от 2,9 до 1,5. Данные эксперимента находятся в удовлетворительном согласии с литературными данными для других частот с учетом границ, заданных неопределенностью измерений.A modified Nicholson – Ross – Weir method was used to determine complex parameters and dielectric permittivity of ceramic materials in the range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The measuring equipment is a meter of complex reflection and transmission coefficients, a waveguide measuring canal with a special measuring cell, consisting of two irregular waveguides and a waveguide chamber between them, which provides insignificant influence of higher-order modes. The dependences of the amplitude and phase of the reflection and transmission coefficients on frequency were obtained experimentally for fluoroplastic and three ceramic samples in the frequency range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The obtained S-parameters are processed according to an algorithm that includes their averaging based on the Fourier transform in order to obtain the values of the dielectric permittivity. Fluoroplastic was used as a reference material with a known dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of fluoroplastic has a stable value of 2.1 in the above mentioned frequency range. The dielectric constant of sample No. 1 varies from 3.6 to 2.5 at the boundaries of the range, sample No. 2 – from 3.7 to 2.1, sample No. 3 – from 2.9 to 1.5. The experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the literature data for other frequencies taking into account the limits set by the measurement uncertainty

    Определение S-параметров и диэлектрической проницаемости образцов кварцевой керамики в миллиметровом диапазоне длин волн

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    A modified Nicholson – Ross – Weir method was used to determine complex parameters and dielectric permittivity of ceramic materials in the range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The measuring equipment is a meter of complex reflection and transmission coefficients, a waveguide measuring canal with a special measuring cell, consisting of two irregular waveguides and a waveguide chamber between them, which provides insignificant influence of higher-order modes. The dependences of the amplitude and phase of the reflection and transmission coefficients on frequency were obtained experimentally for fluoroplastic and three ceramic samples in the frequency range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The obtained S-parameters are processed according to an algorithm that includes their averaging based on the Fourier transform in order to obtain the values of the dielectric permittivity. Fluoroplastic was used as a reference material with a known dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of fluoroplastic has a stable value of 2.1 in the above mentioned frequency range. The dielectric constant of sample No. 1 varies from 3.6 to 2.5 at the boundaries of the range, sample No. 2 – from 3.7 to 2.1, sample No. 3 – from 2.9 to 1.5. The experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the literature data for other frequencies taking into account the limits set by the measurement uncertainty.Для определения комплексных параметров и диэлектрической проницаемости керамических материалов в диапазоне 78,33–118,1 ГГц применен модифицированный метод Николсона – Росса – Вейра. Измерительная установка представляет собой измеритель комплексных коэффициентов отражения и передачи, волноводный измерительный тракт со специальной измерительной ячейкой, состоящей из двух нерегулярных волноводов и волноводной камеры между ними, обеспечивающей незначительное влияние мод высших порядков. Экспериментально получены зависимости амплитуды и фазы коэффициента отражения и передачи от частоты для фторопласта и трех керамических образцов в диапазоне частот 78,33–118,1 ГГц. Полученные S-параметры обрабатываются по алгоритму, включающему их усреднение на основе преобразования Фурье, с целью получения значений диэлектрической проницаемости. Фторопласт был использован в качестве эталонного материала с известной диэлектрической проницаемостью. Диэлектрическая проницаемость фторопласта имеет стабильное значение 2,1 в вышеуказаннном диапазоне частот. Диэлектрическая проницаемость образца № 1 варьируется от 3,6 до 2,5 на границах диапазона, образца № 2 – от 3,7 до 2,1, образца № 3 – от 2,9 до 1,5. Данные эксперимента находятся в удовлетворительном согласии с литературными данными для других частот с учетом границ, заданных неопределенностью измерений

    Иcследование S-параметров и диэлектрической проницаемости образцов поликора и GaAs с помощью векторного анализатора цепей

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    To study the S-parameters and dielectric permittivity of polycor and GaAs samples, a vector network analyzer R4-MWM-118 with a special measuring cell and a modified Nicholson–Ross–Weir method were used. The use of polynomial Chebyshev criteria in R4-MWM-118 for approximation in digital filtering made it possible to reduce the distortion of the achieved approximations of S-parameters. The use of digital filtering made it possible to eliminate the subjective error of the operator in the analysis and measurements with the presence of a “noise” component, to improve qualitatively the perception of the amplitude-frequency characteristic and to exclude uninformative changes in the instrument readings at any point in the frequency range. The dependences of the amplitudes and phases of the transmission and reflection coefficients, as well as the dielectric permittivity of the samples under study on the frequency in the range 78.33–118.10 GHz are obtained.Для исследования S-параметров и диэлектрической проницаемости образцов поликора и GaAs использованы векторный анализатор цепей Р4-МВМ-118 со специальной измерительной ячейкой и модифицированный метод Николсона–Росса–Вейра. Применение в Р4-МВМ-118 при аппроксимации в цифровой фильтрации полиномиальных критериев Чебышева позволило уменьшить искажение достигнутых приближений S-параметров. Использование цифровой фильтрации дало возможность исключить субъективную погрешность оператора при анализе и измерениях с наличием «шумовой» составляющей, качественно улучшить восприятие амплитудно-частотной характеристики и устранить неинформативное изменение показаний прибора в любой точке частотного диапазона. Получены зависимости амплитуд и фаз коэффициентов передачи и отражения, а также диэлектрической проницаемости исследуемых образцов от частоты в диапазоне 78,33–118,10 ГГц

    Перспективные интеллектуальные материалы для радиоэлектроники

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    The investigations of a multilayer material – a polymeric radio-transparent electrically conductive film of polyaniline with a concentration of 5, 10 and 50 % by weight on a radio-transparent fiberglass substrate were carried out. Such materials are multifunctional – the material itself has the required characteristics, but when it is exposed to external electromagnetic radiation, it provides shielding functions. Electrically conductive polymer samples (polyaniline film) deposited on a fiberglass substrate have low attenuation in the 8–12 GHz transparency band, low electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient, high conductivity and performance characteristics, as well as manufacturability.Выполнены исследования многослойного материала – полимерной радиопрозрачной электропроводящей пленки полианилина концентрации 5, 10 и 50 % по массе на радиопрозрачной подложке из стеклопластика. Такие материалы являются многофункциональными – собственно материал с требуемыми характеристиками, но при воздействии внешнего электромагнитного излучения выполняет экранирующие функции. Образцы электропроводящего полимера (пленки полианилина), нанесенные на подложку из стеклопластика, обладают малым затуханием в полосе прозрачности 8–12 ГГц, низким коэффициентом отражения электромагнитного излучения, высокими проводимостью и эксплуатационными характеристиками, технологичностью

    MICROWAVE METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS

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    The waveguide method for determining the dielectric constant of materials was considered with using a panorama meter of the reflection and transmission coefficients. The influence of the waveguide channel’s parameters (linear dimensions, the reflection coefficients of materials) on the accuracy of the permittivity in the microwave range was assessed

    Principal Regularities in Compositions and Structures of High-Molecular Compounds from Crude Oils and Natural Bitumens

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    Experimental data on structural group composition and macro-structural characteristics of hydrocarbons and petroleum high-molecular compounds (PHMC) – resins and asphaltenes – from more than 150 samples of crude oil samples extracted on the oil-fields of Pannonian (Serbia), Volgo-Ural, South-Caspian, West-Kazakhstanian, West-Siberian, and several Eastand Southeast Asian oil-bearing basins are summarized. It was shown that the number of carbon atoms in the highest n-alkane molecules reaches up to 70-71 in Cenozoic, but only 35-40 in Jurassic and Paleozoic oils. Petroleum hybrid naphtheno-aromatic hydrocarbons are compounds with up to six rings to 24 C-atoms in alkyl fragments of molecules. Resin molecules contain, on a mass weighted average, 1-3 structural blocks each consisting of 0-3 aromatic and 0-5 naphthenic rings in such combinations that the total number of cycles in each block does not exceed 5-6. The weight of average molecular masses of resins does not exceed 1000-1500 g/mole. Asphaltenes differ from resins from the same source by larger average numbers of structural blocks in molecules (up to 5), by the predominantly tri- and/or tetracycloaromatic nature of these blocks, by lesser substitution factors of aromatic nuclei and lesser proportions of C-atoms in saturated fragments. The weight of average masses of asphaltene molecules measured by cryoscopy in naphthalene does not exceed 2500 g/mole. Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, PHMC molecules form various associated structures and poly-molecular particles, including quasicrystalline “batches” and multi-batch aggregates, especially in asphaltenes. Through spontaneous decay and formation of such particles the oils have the character of dynamically equilibrium poly-disperse systems. Compositional and structural variations of PHMC were studied depending on the depths at which they occurred, age and lithological composition of oil-bearing sediments. Although thermal histories are not considered here, clear regularities are established. PHMC, consisting of chemically labile hetero-organic substances, under any bedded conditions are subjected to compositional and structural transformations which are more rapid and substantial as compared with petroleum hydrocarbons
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